科學知識與社會價值的共存：定位台灣國家氣候變遷對策委員會

Abstract

自從英國於2008年設立氣候變遷委員會後，有許多國家效仿其先例，紛紛設立氣候委員會，而台灣也不例外。新任總統賴清德甫上任，就於總統府下設立以促進社會溝通為目的的氣候變遷對策委員會。然而這樣看似有利於氣候治理的舉措，卻被質疑實際上是為了擴張總統權力。為了檢視這個新的氣候變遷對策委員會究竟適不適合台灣目前的氣候治理現況，本論文將法律分析結合公共行政學、科技與社會研究，以及風險社會學等不同學門，跨領域地從民主制度下氣候變遷的治理困境出發，爬梳氣候委員會此一組織形態的制度目的。並將之與傳統環境管制領域中的科學諮詢委員會作對照，論證氣候委員會的制度核心在於將科學與政治進行重新劃界，並作為中介機構，將專業知識轉化為政策建議。 本論文接下來繼續梳理氣候委員會的類型，認為氣候委員會應以專家諮詢型與公眾諮詢型為分類，並分別以英國氣候變遷委員會與南非總統氣候委員會為例，以制度分析與脈絡分析的研究方法，說明不同的社會脈絡如何產生不同的氣候委員會設計。接下來則將視角轉回台灣，從歷史脈絡、立法歷程與政治現況，說明氣候變遷對策委員會以公眾參與作為制度基礎並無問題。然而在具體制度設計與實際運作上，卻受限於政治現實，呈現出名不符實、定位不明與疊床架屋的缺陷。因此，本論文針對這三個缺陷，最後提出強化制度整合的短期建議，以及強化專業諮詢與獨立性的長期建議。

Since the establishment of the UK’s Climate Change Committee, many countries have adopted similar frameworks, and Taiwan is no exception. President Lai Ching-Te established the National Climate Change Committee soon after his inauguration. However, this initiative, while seemingly conducive to climate governance, has faced criticism for expanding presidential power. To assess the new committee’s suitability for Taiwan, this thesis adopts an interdisciplinary approach to examine the institutional purpose of climate committees amid democratic governance dilemmas. By contrasting these entities with traditional scientific advisory bodies, this thesis argues that climate committees function as intermediaries that re-demarcate the boundary between science and politics, transforming expertise into policy recommendations. This thesis further categorizes these bodies into “expert-advisory” and “public-consultative” models, and uses the UK and South African examples to illustrate how social contexts dictate institutional design. Shifting the focus back to Taiwan, based on the historical context, legislative process, and current political climate, this thesis argues that the establishment of the National Climate Change Committee is theoretically based. However, the political constraints have resulted in institutional redundancy, ambiguous positioning, and a lack of substantive authority. Consequently, the thesis offers a short-term suggestion for institutional integration and long-term strategies to strengthen professional consultation and institutional independence.