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http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/10042
標題: | 混合乙、正丁醇之酯化反應蒸餾
程序的設計與控制 Design and Control of Reactive Distillation Process with Mixed Ethanol and Butanol Feed |
作者: | Chen-Yu Tsai 蔡鎮宇 |
指導教授: | 黃孝平 |
關鍵字: | 反應蒸餾,酯化反應,混合醇,直接式序列,間接式序列, reactive distillation,alcohol mixtures,esterification,direct sequence,indirect sequence, |
出版年 : | 2011 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 本研究針對混合乙、正丁醇酯化系統設計反應蒸餾系統可行性架構。熱力學方面,用NRTL-HOC model來描述塔內汽液平衡的現象;動力學方面,酯化反應採用固態酸性觸媒Amberlyst 15。混合乙、丁醇酯化系統可分為兩種程序進行探討,分別是「先分離醇進料,後酯化反應」和「先酯化反應,後分離產物」。主要針對後者做設計並提出兩種架構,(1)直接序列設計-全部反應物由反應蒸餾塔塔底進料,然後經由第二根蒸餾塔分離出水與混和酯,最後在由第三根氣提塔分離出乙酸乙酯及乙酸丁酯的架構。(2)間接序列設計-水和乙酸乙酯從反應蒸餾塔塔頂產出,乙酸丁酯從塔底產出的架構。比較所有架構最適化結果得間接序列設計有較小年總成本(TAC)。
有關本製程控制策略的選擇,必須分為兩個控制層級來決定,較基礎的控制層級為液位及塔壓控制;品質控制層級一般工業界的應用多用塔內溫度控制。本研究所提出的控制策略在反應蒸餾塔為雙環路溫度控制,汽提塔為單環路溫度控制。首先由開環靈敏度分析結果選擇溫度控制點,但組成擾動排除情況並不良好,之後利用閉環敏度選擇控制點。結果顯示,此控制結構對於進料流率及組成擾動具有良好的排除效果。 This work presents a feasible design for esterifications of mixed ethanol(EtOH) and n-butanol (BuOH) feed with acetic acid (HAc). NRTL-HOC thermodynamic model is used for modeling the vapor-liquid and vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium. The reactions are catalyzed by using Amberlyst-15 catalyst. There are two alternative design regarding the alcohol mixtures as feed for reactive distillation. In the first design, separation of the mixture into pure alcohols goes first and esterifying with RD follows. In the second design, esterification by RD directly goes first and purifying the products goes next.For the second design,there are two design sequences to be considered: (1)Direct Sequence: all the reactants are fed into the bottom of the reactive distillation column, then the second column separates the water and ester mixture, the third stripping column then separates the EtAC and BuAC mixture . (2)Indirect Sequence: RD produces H2O and EtAc at the top and produces BuAc at the bottom. After comparing the total annual cost (TAC), indirect sequence is the best for steady state design. The basic regulatory control loops of the overall process included four level loops and pressure loop for each column. This research proposes a double temperature control loop in the reactive distillation column, the stripping column uses a single temperature control loop. Open loop sensitivity test is used to determine the position of the temperature controller, but the results show that this control structure does not perform well in disturbances. If using closed loop sensitivity test to determine the position of the temperature controller. The results show that this control structure is good at rejecting throughput and composition changes. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/10042 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 化學工程學系 |
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