http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/192 Sat, 03 Oct 2026 14:17:17 GMT 2026-10-03T14:17:17Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/104040 標題: 高齡者使用健身房之調適歷程研究; A Study on the Adjustment Process of the Elderly Working Out in the Gym 作者: 林智偉; Chih-Wei Lin 摘要: 本研究旨在探討高齡者使用健身房之調適歷程，分析其運動參與的健康信念、持續運動的激勵因素、參與阻礙、調適策略，以及社會文化脈絡對其運動行為之影響。研究採質性研究方法，招募6位健身房的高齡使用者與4位健身房工作人員參與半結構式深度訪談，經由樣版式分析法 (template analysis) 進行資料分析，以探討高齡者使用健身房之調適歷程。 研究結果發現：一、高齡者進入健身房運動主要源自於老化、疾病及健康風險的威脅感知，並將健康促進視為運動參與的核心利益。健康焦慮促使高齡者採取運動行動，而自我效能則隨著持續運動及成功經驗逐步建立；二、高齡者持續參與健身房運動，受到健康促進、自我效能提升、社會支持網絡及健身房服務品質等因素之激勵，提升身體功能與健康狀態，並增進人際互動，有助於邁向成功老化；三、本研究高齡者持續參與健身房運動的阻礙，主要來自個人老化所造成的身體功能限制、家庭照顧責任、環境中健身房商業化經營下的過度推銷、不友善服務及環境衛生等因素，與過去文獻常提及的交通或費用問題有不同之發現；四、高齡者藉由量力而為、自我接納及主動調整運動時間、課程與器材等策略，在生理、心理及環境層面逐步完成調適歷程，其調適模式符合選擇、最佳化與補償模式，亦呼應活躍老化所強調之健康、參與及安全三大目標；五、在社會文化脈絡方面，華人社會敬老尊賢的文化價值及商業健身房強調會員享有平等權益，降低了高齡者於健身房中的年齡隔閡，惟性別刻板印象仍影響高齡者對不同運動項目的參與選擇。 綜而言之，高齡者持續參與健身房運動並非單一的健康行為，而是個人、環境與社會文化因素交互作用下所形成的動態調適歷程。高齡者透過多面向的調適策略降低參與阻礙，強化持續運動的激勵因素，並在持續參與運動的過程中累積正向運動經驗，逐步提升自我效能，進而增強持續運動的意願，形成持續參與健身房運動的正向循環。最後，本研究分別針對商業健身房產業、健身房高齡使用者及未來研究提出相關建議。; The purpose of this study was to explore the adjustment process of the elderly working out in the gym. Specifically, it examined their health beliefs about exercise participation, the motivational factors that support sustained exercise, barriers to participation, adjustment strategies, and the influence of sociocultural contexts on their exercise behaviors. A qualitative research design was adopted. Six older gym users and four gym staff members were recruited to participate in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. The interview data were analyzed using template analysis to examine the adjustment process of older adults in gym settings. The findings were as follows. First, older adults were primarily motivated to begin exercising in gyms by their perceived threats of aging, disease, and health risks, while perceiving health promotion as the primary benefit of exercise participation. Health-related concerns prompted them to initiate exercise, whereas self-efficacy was gradually developed through continuous participation and successful exercise experiences. Second, sustained participation in gym-based exercise was facilitated by multiple factors, including health promotion, enhanced self-efficacy, social support networks, and the quality of gym services. These factors contributed not only to improved physical functioning and overall health, but also to increased social interaction, thereby supporting successful aging. Third, the barriers to sustained exercise identified in this study primarily included age-related physical limitations, family caregiving responsibilities, aggressive commercial sales practices, unfriendly service experiences, and concerns regarding hygiene conditions. These findings differ from previous studies, which have commonly emphasized transportation difficulties and financial costs as the primary barriers. Fourth, older adults gradually developed their adjustment strategies at the physiological, psychological, and environmental levels by adopting strategies such as exercising within their physical capabilities, practicing self-acceptance, and proactively adjusting their exercise schedules, class selections, and equipment use. This adjustment process is consistent with the Selective Optimisation with Compensation (SOC) Model and also reflects the goals of active ageing by promoting health, participation, and security. Fifth, within the sociocultural context, the traditional Chinese cultural value of respecting older adults, together with the emphasis on equal membership rights in commercial fitness centers, reduced age-related barriers experienced by older adults in gym settings. Nevertheless, gender stereotypes continued to influence their preferences for different types of exercise. In conclusion, sustained participation in gym-based exercise among the elderly is not simply a health behavior but a dynamic adjustment process resulting from the interaction of individual, environmental, and sociocultural factors. By adopting multidimensional adjustment strategies, older adults overcome barriers to participation, strengthen the motivational factors that support sustained exercise, and accumulate positive exercise experiences. These experiences progressively enhance their self-efficacy, reinforce their intention to maintain regular exercise, and ultimately create a positive cycle of sustained participation in gym-based exercise. Finally, this study provides recommendations for the commercial fitness industry, older gym users, and future research. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/104040 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/67958 標題: 高維度平均-變異數最佳化之共變異數矩陣估計:以台灣資料為例; Variance-Covariance Matrix Estimation for High Dimensional Mean-Variance Optimization: Evidence from Taiwan 作者: Han Chiu; 裘涵 摘要: 在平均-變異數投資組合最佳化的問題中，我們時常需要估計共變異數矩陣的反矩陣以計算投資組合的最適權重。當資產數量大且樣本數小的同時，共變異數矩陣在計算反矩陣上較為困難且複雜。常用來估計高維度共變異數矩陣的方法是在樣本共變異數上利用稀疏性假設，使高維度矩陣轉換為一個可逆矩陣。本研究提出一個統計框架，透過修正的Cholesky 分解法將高維度共變異數矩陣估計，轉換為迴歸係數估計之問題，並使用正交貪婪演算法(OGA)處理高維度迴歸模型之選擇。在模擬研究中，比較估計量與母體共變異數矩陣間的差異。此外，實證研究顯示在合理的參數假設下，OGA 估計結果優於Adaptive thresholding和linear shrinkage之方法。; The classical mean-variance portfolio optimization requires the estimation of an inverse covariance matrix. This is a challenging task given the large number of assets in the market and at the same time limited available historical data. Commonly used methods for estimating large covariance matrix exploit sparsity in the sample covariance matrix. In this study, I propose a statistical framework to estimate high-dimensional variance-covariance matrices under small sample size via the modified Cholesky decomposition with orthogonal greedy algorithm (OGA). This study transforms the covariance matrix estimation into a regression coefficient estimation problem, where the OGA is a fast stepwise regression method for the high-dimensional model selection and coefficient estimation. Therefore, I perform simulation studies to measure the difference between the estimators and the population covariance matrix. Moreover, empirical results show OGA estimators have better performance than adaptive thresholding and linear shrinkage approaches under reasonable parameter assumptions. Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/67958 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/91749 標題: 高等教育中永續科學教學研究：個案分析國立臺灣大學生物多樣性國際碩士學位學程; Disentangling National Taiwan University’s Master Program in Biodiversity: Evaluating intentions and actions of sustainability science in higher education 作者: 郭普清; Camille Kuo 摘要: none; This realm of education for biodiversity exists in a difficult space. On one hand it seeks to use the mechanisms of science, in all of its empirical approaches and objective, causal, truth-finding intentions. And on the other hand, biodiversity science attempts to remedy the problem which is the unsustainable practices of contemporary human organization. Thus, National Taiwan University’s Masters Program in Biodiversity (MPB) faces the same “wicked problem” that all other institutions in the realm of sustainability science face; a paradoxical desire to apply scientific knowledge to solve human systems. MPB is an interdisciplinary program conducted within NTU’s International College. The aim of MPB is to train professionals in the environmental sciences whose interdisciplinary approach will allow them to bridge frameworks and disciplines in order to create, collaborate, and innovate novel solutions to the crises of biodiversity loss and climate change in general. But in the context of wicked problems, MPB must be thinking, teaching, and practicing critical reflexive thinking that goes beyond the assumptions of the systems it resides in. The guiding question of this project is simple: how is does good biodiversity science taught and learned in MPB? Following from that, this project asks how is biodiversity science defined within and across MPB, and how do the pedagogical practices and outcomes reflect or contend with these goals? What are the frameworks for delivering knowledge that will enable students to think interdisciplinarily, and what roles do different actors have within these frameworks? What do MPB students consider to be fruitful sites of learning, and to what extent are they a result of intentional design aspects of MPB?. Through interviews, primary sources, and first-hand experience as a student within the program, this research uses a reflexive thematic analysis to explore the following key themes interpreted from the data; science as knowing, not making; good science requires deep knowledge; systems change requires translation; learning towards transformation happens outside of lectures; once students graduate, then what?. By exploring the intentions, actions, and pedagogies of the program, this thesis hopes to add to the global efforts in greater sustainable transformation in the face of one of the greatest existential questions facing humanity now. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/91749 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/73537 標題: 體育班籃球優秀運動員養成歷程之研究; Study on Developmental Process of Basketball Elite Athletes from Athletic Classes 作者: Yu Huang; 黃鈺 摘要: 我國為目前少數存有體育班教育體制之國家。歷年來，體育班學生之素質良莠不齊，體育班運動員之平均水準提升有賴於各界相關人士及運動員自身反思並尋求進步。是故，本研究欲向優秀運動員之養成歷程探求其成功因素，提供改善之參考依據。研究目的：旨在深入探討臺灣體育班教育環境下，學生運動員自國小至大學期間之養成歷程為何，並剖析於此歷程中推動學生最終成為一名優秀學生運動員之成功因素。研究方法：依據體育才能發展模式(Richard, B. David M., 2006)為理論基礎，並將理論中之個人特質以及環境特質兩大主題進一步分為四個研究子題—「運動員自我管理」、「運動員心理素質」、「運動員外在資源」以及「運動員社會支持」以深入了解各子題中之細部因素如何影響體育班之運動員養成歷程。研究對象為某學年度國中以及高中籃球聯賽男子組之最有價值球員，並參酌兩位球員之重要他人作為本研究之輔助觀點。為提升本研究研究內容之信實度，研究者以厚實描述呈現訪談內容、進行受試者查核以及個案分析會議，並於研究過程中建立省思備忘錄。研究發現：體育班籃球優秀運動員具備良好的自我管理能力與高度地抗壓性、彈性、理解力或自信心等多種正向心理素質。外在影響因素中，環境設備以運動場館之安全性為主要考量，並且社會支持對個人發展影響甚為重要，主要來自於家庭、學校及隊伍等社會支持系統之相互合作關係。; Athletic class system is an unique approach of athlete education and training that almost exists nowhere-else except for Taiwan. During the history of this training system, student athletes’ development varied from one to another. Hence, it is crucial to understand the key factors making athletes become elites in the developmental process. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out the key factors in the developmental process that make a student become an elite athlete. Method: Based on the “model of talent development in physical education” (Richard, B. David M., 2006), the study further discussed “self-management”, “mental skill”, “facility fund”, and “social support” of “personal characteristic” and “environmental characteristic” in this model. Two subjects were randomly selected from most valuable players (MVPs) of (Junior) High School Basketball League finals. There are also key persons’ viewpoints to support the reliability of the result. For study trustworthiness, the content was conducted through thick description, case analysis meeting and reflection memorandum. Result: The two elite basketball athletes from athletic classes both showed excellent self-management and overcame obstacles with good mental skills. They considered facility and fund less important than their team. Most importantly, both of them were greatly influenced by their families and coaches, especially when the social support system was well-connected. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/73537 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z