http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/89 2026-04-19T22:46:29Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/43308 標題: 點資料誤差對於空間型態分析之影響; The effect of random error point data to spatial pattern 作者: Ta-Hong Ho; 何大弘 摘要: 空間資料由於具有同時表示位置以及屬性的特點，而點資料是空間資料中最能精確表達位置的資料類型，因此在各領域中所扮演的角色日益重要。然而也因為點資料能夠精確表達位置之資訊，導致了點資料在傳達、散布時極易造成個人隱私之洩漏。為避免對隱私權造成危害，權責單位在發布資訊時多以行政區為單元，將點資料以加總後之形式公開。但以加總資料進行發布之方式，易受加總單元之空間尺度和研究範圍影響，進而使得空間分佈型態產生扭曲。 本研究試圖以對個別點資料置入隨機誤差之方式，以達到在維持空間分佈型態下仍可以保護隱私之目的。為檢定是否確實達到隱私保護之目的，採用平均最鄰近距離作為隱私保護之最低標準，並以蒙地卡羅方法模擬對點資料置入隨機誤差後，其對空間型態分佈造成之影響，以瞭解置入隨機誤差後空間型態是否產生扭曲之現象。 研究中依照點資料分佈之密度，將研究區域分為山區、鄉區、城區。以大於等於兩倍標準差與否，判定點資料之熱源區域，採用type1 error（原始資料中為熱源區域，添加隨機誤差後遭判定為非熱源區域）、type2 error（原始資料中並非熱源區域，添加隨機誤差後遭判定為熱源區域）作為比較之基準分別檢視其空間型態的變化。 研究結果顯示城區、山區分別在type1 error、type2 error之增加速度最快，鄉區則不論type1 error、type2 error都呈現緩慢的成長。在同時考慮保護隱私以及維持空間型態分佈之前提下，城區、鄉區有較好之表現，山區則相對較差。但總體而言，本研究之方法不失為一個能有效保護隱私且維持空間分佈型態的方式。惟隨機誤差之參數設定，仍必須視研究區域之個別特性以及決策者對於隱私保護之要求重新判斷。; Spatial data plays a crucial role in many research fields because of its ability of expressing multiple types of information such as location and other attributes at the same time. Point data is one major type of spatial data that is capable of demonstrating accurate and precise locations. However, this could probably contribute to a serious problem in privacy and security. Consequently, the government usually adopts aggregated data to release public information for privacy protection. Nevertheless, under the perspective of academic research, aggregated data is somehow easily influenced by spatial scale and the extent. This study aims to figure out the best measurement for point data spatial analysis, meanwhile protecting the privacy from releasing unexpected information. Random error introduction is proposed in this study to improve the spatial pattern distortion and privacy protection. Average nearest neighbor distance was applied as the threshold for privacy leak. Monte-Carlo simulation was used for simulating the spatial pattern distortion after introducing random error to the original point data. According to the spatial distribution of the original point data, the study area was separated in to three areas: mountain, county, and city. The result shows density of city and mountain areas grow fastest with type 1 and type 2 error; on the other hand, the country area grows slower with both type 1 and type 2 error. For the purpose of maintaining the spatial pattern and protecting privacy at the same time, the simulation result of city and mountain areas are relatively better than that of county area. In the conclusion, random error introduction can sucessfully protect privacy and meanwhile keep the spatial pattern effectively. However, the effect depends on the property of individual area. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/94249 標題: 黑水虻養液於水耕網紋洋香瓜栽培之研究; Study on the Cultivation of Black Soldier Fly Nutrient Solution in the Hydroponic Netted Melons 作者: 吳倩敏; SIN-MAN NG 摘要: 聯合國糧食及農業組織(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO)的最新估計顯示，2022年全球饑餓人數在6.91億至7.83億之間。隨著農業需求的不斷增加，傳統農業生產方式面臨許多挑戰，例如土壤退化、化學肥料和農藥的過度使用，以及由此引發的環境污染和生態失衡問題。這些問題不僅影響農業的可持續性，還威脅到人類的食品安全和健康。為應對這些挑戰，實現聯合國可持續發展目標(United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs)成為全球各界的共同努力方向。這些目標旨在消除貧困、保護地球和確保所有人享有和平與繁榮，尤其在推進可持續農業方面。然而，傳統農業模式高度依賴化學肥料，長期使用不僅導致土壤肥力下降，還引發水體污染、生態失衡等環境問題。因此，探索環保且高效的農業生產方法成為當前農業研究的核心議題之一。 黑水虻(Black Soldier Fly, BSF)因其在有機廢棄物處理和有機肥料生產中的優勢，逐漸受到研究者的關注。這種昆蟲的幼蟲能有效地將廚餘轉化為富含有機質和多種植物所需營養元素的肥料。黑水虻肥料不僅提升土壤的肥力，還有助於減少對化學肥料的依賴。此外，黑水虻在處理廚餘時，能顯著降低溫室氣體的排放，展現其對環境的優勢。這使得黑水虻在推動可持續農業和資源循環利用方面，成為一種具有潛力的解決方案。 本研究分為兩季試驗，秋冬季栽培時間為2023年11月至2024年2月，春夏季栽培時間為2024年4月至2024年6月，採用湛液式水耕栽培系統，使用黑水虻養液於智慧溫室栽培網紋洋香瓜阿露斯「夏系二號」，並與化學肥料進行比較。根據植物在不同生長階段的需求，調整氮鉀比例：營養生長期(Juvenile)，氮鉀比例為75:75；授粉小果期(Flowering)，氮鉀比例為75:125；果實肥大期(Fruit Swelling)，氮鉀比例為100:25。研究分別分析株高、節數、葉綠素含量、果重、果長、果寬、果型指數、果肉厚度、果肉硬度、總可溶性固形物、總鹽含量、抗壞血酸含量、硝酸鹽含量、乾物率和官能品評等項目，以探討黑水虻養液對植株生長狀況和果實品質的影響。研究結果顯示，使用20%黑水虻養液栽培的網紋洋香瓜在秋冬季的果重較低，約652 g，總可溶性固形物(14°Brix)達到市場標準(14-15°Brix)，但果實網紋外觀較差(網紋線條差異為3-4 mm)。而在春夏季，果重高達1637 g，總可溶性固形物(15°Brix)和果實網紋外觀較佳(網紋線條差異為2-3 mm)。兩季中使用20%黑水虻養液栽培阿露斯之研究結論為，20%黑水虻養液作為化肥替代品在水耕栽培網紋洋香瓜中具有顯著的效果。果實的總可溶性固形物達到市場標準，且春夏季節能顯著提高網紋的均勻度和整體外觀，兩季的果實均呈現圓潤的形狀。這些結果證明黑水虻養液在可持續農業中的潛力，尤其是在減少對化學肥料依賴、降低環境污染方面的優勢。; The latest estimates from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) show that the number of hungry people in the world in 2022 will be between 691 million and 783 million. As agricultural demand continues to increase, traditional agrarian production methods face many challenges, such as soil degradation, excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and resulting environmental pollution and ecological imbalance. These issues not only impact the sustainability of agriculture but also threaten food security and human health. To address these challenges, achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has become a global effort. These goals aim to eradicate poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity for all, especially in advancing sustainable agriculture. However, the traditional agricultural model is highly dependent on chemical fertilizers, and long-term use not only leads to a decline in soil fertility but also causes environmental problems such as water pollution and ecological imbalance. Therefore, exploring environmentally friendly and efficient agricultural production methods has become one of the core topics of current agricultural research. Black Soldier Fly (BSF) has increasingly attracted researchers’ attention due to its advantages in organic waste management and organic fertilizer production. The larvae of this insect effectively convert kitchen waste into fertilizer rich in organic matter and various essential nutrients required by plants. BSF fertilizer enhances soil fertility and helps reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers. Additionally, the use of BSF in processing kitchen waste significantly lowers greenhouse gas emissions, demonstrating its environmental advantages. This positions BSF as a promising solution for advancing sustainable agriculture and resource recycling. This study is divided into two seasons of experiments. The autumn-winter season is from October 2023 to February 2024, and the spring-summer season is from April 2024 to June 2024. The Deep Flow Technology (DFT) hydroponic cultivation system was used to cultivate netted melons (Earl’s) in smart greenhouses using a BSF nutrient solution, which was compared with a chemical nutrient solution. The nitrogen and potassium ratio was adjusted according to the needs of the plants at different growth stages. During the juvenile stage, the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 75:75; in the flowering stages, the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 75:125; and in the fruit swelling stage, the nitrogen-potassium ratio is 100:25. The study investigated various parameters, including plant height, number of nodes, chlorophyll content, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit shape index, flesh thickness, flesh firmness, total soluble solids, total salt content, ascorbic acid, nitrate, dry matter ratio, and sensory evaluation, to explore the impact of BSF nutrient solution on plant growth and fruit quality. The study results indicate that netted muskmelons cultivated with 20% BSF nutrient solution had a lower fruit weight in the autumn-winter season, averaging around 652 g. However, the total soluble solids (14°Brix) met market standards, although the fruit’s netted appearance was subpar, with a net line width variation of 3-4 mm. In the spring-summer season, the fruit weight reached up to 1,637 g, with total soluble solids at 15°Brix and a better-netted appearance, with a net line width variation of 2-3 mm. The conclusions from the study using 20% BSF nutrient solution to cultivate Earl’s Melon over two seasons indicate that the 20% BSF nutrient solution serves as an effective substitute for chemical fertilizers in the hydroponic cultivation of netted muskmelons. The fruit's sugar content met market standards and significantly improved the uniformity of the netting and overall appearance during the spring-summer season. The fruits in both seasons had a well-rounded shape. These results demonstrate the potential of BSF nutrient solutions in sustainable agriculture, particularly in reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers and minimizing environmental pollution. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/40595 標題: 黃裳鳳蝶蝶蛹微棲地與在道路工程之應用; The Microhabitat of Pupae in Troides aeacus and Its Applications in Road Engineering 作者: Pei-Shih Liang; 梁珮詩 摘要: 動物的族群和移動在道路兩側或交會處與其在原始棲地時有很大的不同，對蝴蝶而言，道路使用的運輸行為會造成大量蜻蜓和蝴蝶的死亡，同時，道路也漸漸成為造成蝴蝶棲地破碎化的重要原因之一。然而，經過適當的管理與營造之路側，卻具有做為部分蝴蝶的棲地或生態廊道的可能性。 黃裳鳳蝶為台灣保育種，當其幼蟲準備結蛹時，會選擇安全的所在，並在合適的地點將自己吊掛。為了瞭解黃裳鳳蝶選擇結蛹的微棲地特性，我們在位於台北縣的｢牛伯伯蝴蝶園｣進行野外實驗，實驗中隨機選擇30個蝶蛹，並調查結蛹點之各項環境因子，包括：高度、風速、照度、噪音、與道路的距離、道路寬度，以及與食草植物的距離等。 根據實驗結果發現蝶蛹在低風速或低光照百分比時有較高的出現頻率，並且結蛹地點會離開食草植物，但不會太遠；另外還可以發現，其對棲地邊緣（道路）的緩衝區仍是必須的。 接著從實驗場地採集一蝶蛹進行室內的風洞試驗，配合拍照以及AutoCAD 2005處理相片，可以瞭解蛹在不同風速下的振動方式。蛹的振幅會隨著風速的增大而增加，振動週期則隨著風速漸大而減小，但週期最低點在此處還無法得知。; Animal populations and movements may be quite different in “roadsides” or “verges” from their original habitat. Roads with vehicles cause prodigious numbers of insects, especially dragonflies and butterflies, killed. In addition, roads appear as one of the most important effects on butterfly habitat fragmentation. However, it has been suggested that well managed roadsides can be created as habitats or corridors for several butterfly species efficiently. Papilionidae Troides aeacus is one of protected species in Taiwan. When the Troides aeacus’ larvae are going to pupate, they will look for sheltered, safe spots to stay and find suitable places to attach themselves. This paper takes the Niu-Pei-Pei’s Butterfly Garden in Taipei County as a field experiment site to study the microhabitat of pupae. 30 pupae are chosen randomly, at the same time, several factors, such as height, wind velocity, light, sound level, distances to roads, roads widths, and distances to their larval food plants, are measured in the area each pupa selects. Depending on the experiment, pupae have high occurrence in places with low wind velocity or low sunshine percentage. Besides, they would like to leave their larval food plants, but not far. Moreover, the buffer zone from the edge (roads) of their habitat is still needed. One pupa is taken from the butterfly garden to do the wind tunnel testing in the laboratory. According to the result, the pupal movement under different wind velocity is described. The vibration of a pupa is described by taking pictures and dimensioning in AutoCAD 2005. The amplitude is increasing while the wind velocity is enlarging. The period, nevertheless, is decreasing. The minimum period cannot be derived yet. 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/2397 標題: 黃緣螢棲地復育之調查–以臺北市大安森林公園為例; Investigation of Habitat Restoration for the Firefly Aquatica ficta in Daan Forest Park (Taipei) 作者: Min-Chen Tsai; 蔡旻臻 摘要: 在都市重現消失物種的蹤跡，是現代生態棲地營造的重要課題。本研究主要探討黃緣螢 (Aquatica ficta (Olivier, 1999)) 在都市中的復育棲地，與其環境因子關係，並於臺北市大安森林公園進行水文、水質、植栽、微氣候和黃緣螢成蟲數量調查。大安復育樣區分兩階段施工：第一階段為2015年9月中至2015年11月初，棲地面積375 m²，水域面積170 m²；第二階段為2016年7月初至2016年10月初，面積增至2,555 m²，水域面積480 m²。樣區水域的平均水深為20.55 cm (±6.84)，平均溶氧4.95 mg/L (±1.72)，為黃緣螢幼蟲適合棲息的水質狀態。自2016年5月至2017年8月，樣區成蟲發生期為3月至11月，高峰期為5月。相較於一般白光路燈，590 nm路燈雖然對於成蟲分布的影響較少，但照明強度仍有影響。成蟲在樣區微氣候的選擇，較偏好氣溫20~32 °C，相對溼度65 %以上，風速0.1 m/s以下和照度1 lux以下的範圍。當微氣候在一定的範圍內，成蟲於棲地分布的氣溫較都市氣溫低，公式為y = 0.8634 x + 2.3144；相對溼度則較都市相對濕度高，公式為y = 0.6891 x + 32.215。根據結果可知，在都市中復育螢火蟲棲地，需使用溶氧量充足的自然水體，搭配螢火蟲棲息的微氣候條件，選植本土原生種植栽，而低風速和低光照是必要營造。由於調查時間僅為16個月，對於樣區是否復育成功，尚無法定論。; Reappearance of disappeared species in the city is an important issue of constructing ecological habitats nowadays. This study mainly explored the effect of Aquatica ficta (Olivier, 1999) habitat restoration in urban areas, and its environmental impact factors. The research was done on a regular basis for hydrology, water quality, plantation, microclimate surveys, and the number of the firefly observed in Daan Forest Park (Taipei). The habitat restoration of A. ficta (Olivier) in Daan was divided into two stages. The first stage was from mid-September 2015 to early November 2015, with an area of 375 m²; water area of 170 m ²; the second stage was from early July 2016 to early October 2016, with the expansion of the area to 2,555 m², water area of 480 m². The average water depth of wetland was 20.55 cm (±6.84) and the average dissolved oxygen was 4.95 mg/L (±1.72), which meant a suitable habitat environment for the larvae. From May 2016 to August 2017, the adults appeared from March to November, and the peak is May. Compared with the general white street lights, the 590 nm street lights had less effect on the distribution of the adults, but the illumination still had its influence. The adults preferred temperatures 20~32 °C, relative humidity above 65 %, wind velocity below 0.1 m/s and illumination below 1 lux in the microclimate. When the microclimate is within a certain range, the temperature distribution of the adults in the habitat is lower than the urban temperature, and the formula is y = 0.8634 x + 2.3144; while the relative humidity is higher than the urban relative humidity, and the formula is y = 0.6891 x +32.215. According to the results, using natural water with enough dissolved oxygen, planting native plants to match with the microclimate, and low wind velocity and low illumination are the key constructions for firefly habitat restoration in the city. As the investigation lasted for only 16 months, there was no conclusion as to whether the habitat was successful or not. 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z