類別:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/82
2024-03-29T07:15:08Z鴿子低血壓模型中動脈壓與骨內壓之相關性
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/91932
標題: 鴿子低血壓模型中動脈壓與骨內壓之相關性; The Relationship between Arterial and Intraosseous Pressure in Pigeons (Columba rupestris) in Hypovolemic Model
作者: 王柏翔; Po-Hsiang Wang
摘要: 血壓在獸醫醫療中是重要的生理指標。但目前在鳥量測血壓的直接法或間接法,則分別因為侵入性等問題和不精確,使得無法廣泛實際應用於醫療中。先前在非洲灰鸚鵡的研究顯示,骨內空間中的壓力波型與流入骨頭的小動脈相關。為了進一步了解是否骨內壓力可作為量測血壓的替代方法,本實驗旨在找出鴿子(Columba rupestris)在低血量環境下骨內壓(IOP)與動脈壓(AP)之相關性,以及觀察是否骨內針位置會影響此關聯性。本實驗由國立臺灣大學實驗動物照護即使用委員會核准進行。本實驗將三十隻健康鴿子,依據骨內針放置位置隨機分為兩組。第一組為將骨內針放置於脛骨近端,而第二組則放置於尺骨遠端;二者皆使用22 gauge 1-1/4 英吋皮下注射針頭做為骨內針。同時,將24 gauge 3/4英吋留置針放置於深饒動脈(deep radial artery)。兩者分別用以測量骨內壓和動脈壓。兩壓力分別在0%、20%、30%和60%放血量的情形下同時測量10分鐘。擷取各階段最後五分鐘穩定之壓力波型和數值,並將其計算得出平均壓力。觀察動脈壓與骨內壓的關聯、是否骨內針上針部位會影響兩壓力關係,以及兩壓力在各階段的下降趨勢和關聯。結果顯示除了第一組在放血20%情形下,其餘平均壓力皆為常態分佈(p<0.05)。在失血0%、20%和30%情形下,尺骨之平均骨內壓可用以預測平均動脈壓(0.5<|r|, F>F0.05(1,13), P<0.05)。兩組之平均動脈壓和平均骨內壓在各放血間,倆倆都有顯著差異(p<0.05)。在線性模型下,尺骨之平均骨內壓在各階段的下降趨勢,比脛骨之平均骨內壓更接近平均動脈壓的下降情形。基於此結果,可知在鴿子低血量模型中,特別和正常狀態相比(0%放血),平均動脈壓和骨內壓皆有顯著下降趨勢。另外,不論在兩者壓力的預測上和下降趨勢,尺骨骨內壓都比脛骨骨內壓,有更相近於平均動脈壓的相關性。本實驗之結果為低血量的鴿子,提供一個潛在的血壓量測替代方法。但在實際投入臨床應用前,仍需更多研究支持。; Blood pressure is an important vital sign in veterinary medicine. However, both direct and indirect blood pressure measurement methods are not practical due to the invasiveness and inaccuracy respectively. Studies in African grey parrots showed that the inflow arterioles likely account for the retained arterial waveform radiating into the intraosseous space. To further investigate if the routinely used intraosseous route could serve as a blood pressure assessing method, the aim of the research is to find out the relationship between intraosseous pressure (IOP) and arterial pressure (AP) in pigeons (Columba rupestris) using a hypovolemic model and whether needle placement sites affect the results; this research was approved by the IACUC of National Taiwan University. Thirty healthy pigeons were included in the study and divided into two groups randomly. The intraosseous route was set up in the distal ulna in one group and in proximal tibiotarsus in another using a 22-gauge 1-1/4 inch hypodermic needle. At the same time, a 24-gauge 3/4 inch catheter was placed into the deep radial artery. AP and IOP were recorded simultaneously under 4 stages for 10 minutes: 0%, 20%, 30% and 60% of blood loss. Pressure data were collected over 5-min interval in stable condition in all experimental stages. And the data were turn into value of mean pressure. The result showed mean intraosseous pressure (MOP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were normally distributed (p<0.05), except tibiotarsus MOP and MAP in 20% of blood loss. It was shown MOP of ulnar provide good prediction to MAP in 0%, 20% and 30% of blood loss (0.5<|r|, F>F0.05(1,13), P<0.05). Significant difference (p<0.05) was found in MAP and MOP of each stage of both groups. There was better correlation with decline trend between MAP and MOP of ulnar than MOP of tibiotarsus noted by linear model. According to the result, the decreasing tendency of both MAP and MOP is noted, especially compare to the normal stage (0% blood loss), in the hypovolemic model in pigeons. Besides, MOP of ulnar displayed better correlation to MAP in ability of prediction and similarity of decline trend than MOP of tibiotarsus. Results of this study provide a potential alternative option for blood pressure assessment in hypovolemic pigeons, but more studies have to be conducted before practical use.2022-01-01T00:00:00Z高免血漿應用於犬瘟熱患犬治療效果之評估
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/6816
標題: 高免血漿應用於犬瘟熱患犬治療效果之評估; The Therapeutic Efficacy of Hyperimmune Plasma in Canine Distemper Dogs
作者: Feng-Hsuan Chu; 朱鳳軒
摘要: 犬瘟熱(Canine distemper, CD)為一具高傳染力與高致死率的疾病,臨床上造成全身系統性感染,伴隨著免疫抑制,動物發病早期中和抗體力價之高低會影響疾病的結果,若中和抗體力價持續較低,病毒將無法被清除,進而感染中樞神經系統造成漸進性且多變的神經症狀,出現神經症狀的患犬通常會死亡,僅有少數能耐過。臨床上之治療主要為對症支持治療,但死亡率仍然很高。被動免疫被認為能有效的控制疾病的惡化,然而目前並無實際應用於犬瘟熱患犬療效的報告。本研究目的為評估高免血漿應用於自然感染犬瘟熱患犬的臨床療效。
本研究收集自2009年5月至2011年7月間,至台大動物醫院就診,以RT-nPCR方式確診為犬瘟熱感染之40隻患犬,根據治療方式之不同分為兩組(Group),進一步分析其治療組合的效果。Group 1(n=21)為接受高免血漿與對症支持治療組,Group 2 (n=19)則為僅接受對症支持治療組。總存活率在Group 1為63.6%,Group 2則為36.8%。比較兩組中出現神經症狀患犬,group 1與group 2的存活率分別為50及7.7 %,且有統計上的差異(p<0.05)。此外,Group 1神經症狀發生率為36.4%,低於Group 2的53.8%。Group 1與Group 2於治療期間才出現神經症狀患犬存活率分別為75%和14.3%,兩組間存活率雖無顯著差異(p=0.088),但呈現上升之趨勢。Group 1中死亡的七隻患犬有六隻於就診時已經出現神經症狀,此六隻患犬進行屍體解剖,免疫化學染色顯示各器官與腦中皆有不等程度之病毒分布,其中五隻患犬(83.3%)腦部病理結果歸類於犬瘟熱中樞神經病程之急性期。曾有報告認為過度的抗病毒體液免疫反應可能引發衛星脫髓鞘效應,此現象於這些解剖的患犬病並未被發現。Group1中出現神經症狀時,其存活組與死亡组的血液檢體陽性率分別為57%及0%,兩組間血液檢體的陽性率有統計上的差異(p<0.05)。此外,發生神經症狀同時仍有病毒血症的患犬其死亡率為100%。
本研究證實合併給予高免血漿之治療方式,能提升臨床上犬瘟熱患犬的存活率,特別是出現神經症狀的患犬。給予高免血漿能幫助病毒的清除,降低神經症狀的發生率,因此確診為犬瘟熱感染後,及早合併給予高免血漿為一極佳的治療策略。; Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious pathogen of dogs causing high mortality. CDV infection can result in a systemic infection with severe immunosuppression. The magnitude of neutralization antibody titers correlates with the outcome of the disease. The constant lack of effective neutralization antibodies causes viral persistence in early stage, and the virus will invade central nervous system (CNS) causing diversely and progressively neurological signs. Dogs with neurological signs usually die, only a few can survive. Supportive or symptomatic therapy is most recommended, however, the mortality of neurological distemper remain very high. Passive immunity was thought to be efficacious in control of disease; nevertheless, the efficacy was never demonstrated in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of canine hyperimmune plasma in dogs with canine distemper.
Forty dogs confirmed with CDV infection by RT-nPCR, presented at the National Taiwan University Animal Teaching Hospital between May 2009 and July 2011, were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups for further analysis of different therapeutic combinations. Group 1 (21 dogs) was treated with combination of hyperimmune plasma and supportive therapy. 19 dogs were included in group 2 and were only treated with supportive therapy. The total survival rates were 63.6% and 36.8% in group 1 and group 2, respectively. The survival rates of dogs with neurological signs were 50% and 7.7% in group 1 and group 2, respectively. The survival rate of dogs with neurological signs was significantly higher in group1 than in group2 (p<0.05). Furthermore, the incidence of neurological signs in group 1 was 36.4% and lower than in group 2 (53.8%). The survival rate of dogs appeared neurological signs during therapy was 75% and 14.3% in group 1and group 2, respectively. No significant difference was found between the groups in survival rate (p=0.088), however, it existed an increasing trend. Six of the 7 non-survival dogs in group 1had presented neurological signs at presentation. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) examinations of the six autopsic dogs revealed different degrees of viral distributions in various organs and even in brain. According to pathological results of brain, five of them (83.3%) categorized to be acute stage of neurological distemper. A reported side effect, eg. excessive antiviral humoral immune response might trigger the bystander demyelination, was not observed in this study. In group 1, the positive detection rates of whole blood sample by RT-nPCR upon appearance of neurological signs were 57% in the non-survival group and none in the survival group. There was a significant difference between the two subgroups. In addition, the mortality of dogs presented neurological signs together with viremia was 100%.
In this study, treatment combined with canine hyperimmune plasma was demonstrated to increase survival rate of CDV-infection, especially the dogs have presented with neurological signs. Administration of hyperimmune plasma benefited to eliminate the virus and to decrease the incidence of neurological signs. Therefore, administration of hyperimmune plasma as soon as possible after confirmed diagnosis represents a good therapeutic strategy in the treatment of CD dogs.2012-01-01T00:00:00Z馬爾濟斯與吉娃娃類奇亞里畸形/脊髓空洞化之型態學分析與症狀盛行率
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/67255
標題: 馬爾濟斯與吉娃娃類奇亞里畸形/脊髓空洞化之型態學分析與症狀盛行率; Chiari-like Malformation/Syringohydromyelia in Maltese and Chihuahua: Morphometric Analysis and Prevalence in Symptomatic Dogs
作者: Chia-Chi Kuo; 郭家齊
摘要: 脊髓空洞症(syringomyelia,簡稱SM),為脊髓實質出現液體填充的空洞,會造成神經損傷,進而引發神經性疼痛、神經功能障礙等症狀。隨著磁振造影(magnetic resonance imaging,簡稱MRI)技術的普及,小型、玩具犬種診斷為SM的狀況逐漸增加。造成SM形成最常見的原因為類奇亞里畸形(Chiari-like malformation,簡稱CM)。此研究以回溯性方式,評估臺灣馬爾濟斯與吉娃娃具症狀CM、SM盛行率,並評估兩犬種中顱頸區域型態與SM之間的關連性。
本研究收集2008年至2017年期間於臺大動物醫院就診並進行頭頸MRI檢查的犬隻,記錄其犬種、症狀與MRI影像,並排除有顱內壓增加相關證據的病例。於MRI T2權重影像記錄各測量數值:顱後窩(caudal cranial fossa)三角面積、basion-occipital crest連線長度、枕骨大孔高度、顱頸關節(craniocervical junction)比例(顱頸關節與顱骨高度比值)、basion-atlas連線、obex位置(obex至枕骨大孔垂直距離)、延髓角度(延髓腹側與背側邊界夾角)、延髓kinking (medullary kinking,簡稱MK)指數、背側壓迫(dorsal compression,簡稱DC)指數以及寰樞帶(atlantoaxial band)壓迫分級。亦分析2008年至2017年期間所有至臺大動物醫院就診之犬隻病例數量與品種,計算具CM、SM臨床症狀犬隻之盛行率。
本院馬爾濟斯與吉娃娃具症狀CM、SM盛行率分別為0.06%與0.08%,47例馬爾濟斯MRI影像分析顯示顱後窩三角面積、obex位置與寰樞帶壓迫分級皆與SM嚴重程度有顯著關連性;在19例吉娃娃MRI影像分析中,脊椎型態相關測量(DC指數與寰樞帶壓迫分級)與SM嚴重程度有顯著關連性。
研究中,兩犬種具症狀CM、SM盛行率皆大於研究中全品種的盛行率,強調了兩犬種,尤其是吉娃娃,可能為此疾病的好發犬種。馬爾濟斯MRI影像分析結果發現患有SM病例的顱後窩減小,顯示出因短吻化導致顱後窩容積減小可能是此犬種形成SM的重要因子。此外,分析結果亦顯示前頸椎(尤其寰樞帶)的壓迫,在兩犬種中皆是SM形成的重要因子。未來研究方向包括增加樣本數,以及長期追蹤各測量數值的變化與SM進展,以進一步評估其各測量數值預測將來SM形成的效果。; Syringomyelia (SM) is a condition characterized by fluid filled cavities within spinal cord, resulting spinal cord damage, neuropathic pain and neurological deficits. The most common cause of SM in the dog is Chiari-like malformation (CM). This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of symptomatic CM/SM in Maltese and Chihuahua in Taiwan, and the relationship between cervicocranial morphology and SM in these breeds.
Medical record of dogs admitted to National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital between 2008 and 2017 were searched for dogs with MRI findings suggestive of CM+/-SM. Following data were collected, including age, breed, gender, clinical signs, MRI findings and diagnosis. Dogs with imaging evidence of increased intracranial pressure were excluded. The following parameters were measured on MRI T2W images: caudal cranial fossa (CCF) triangle area, basion-occipital crest distance, foramen magnum height, craniocervical junction (CCJ) ratio (CCJ height to CCF height ratio), basion-atlas distance, obex-foramen magnum distance, medullary angle (angle between ventral and caudal edge of medulla oblongata), medullary kinking (MK) index, dorsal compression (DC) index and atlantoaxial band compression grading. In addition, canine caseload with breed information over the same period of time was also analyzed for the prevelance study in symptomatic CM+/-SM dogs.
The prevalence of symptomatic CM/SM is 0.06% and 0.08% in Maltese and Chihuahua, respecctively. In 47 Maltese dogs with CM/SM on MRI, caudal cranial fossa (CCF) cross-section area, obex-foramen magnum distance and atlantoaxial band compression were associated with the severity of SM. In 19 Chihuahuas, measurements of spinal morphology (medullary kinking and dorsal compression index, atlantoaxial band compression) were associated with SM severity.
The prevalence of symptomatic CM/SM in Maltese and Chihuahua is higher than the prevalence in all breeds in this study. The cervicocranial morphometric analysis indicates decreased CCF volume and compensatively increased cranium height caused by brachycephalicism may be important factors in SM formation in Maltese. The data also emphasizes the role of CSF flow alteration in SM formation in both Maltese and Chihuahua. Future work should include larger sample size and longitudinal study to evaluate efficiency of these measurements as predictors of SM progression.2017-01-01T00:00:00Z食蛇龜正常健康體態比例、血液及生化參考值之研究
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/35740
標題: 食蛇龜正常健康體態比例、血液及生化參考值之研究; The Study in normal healthy body ratio, hematologic and biochemical reference values of Cuora flavomarginata
作者: Pu-Yu Yang; 楊樸煜
摘要: 食蛇龜(Cuora flavomarginata)為台灣原生種烏龜,且為台灣四種原生龜中唯一陸棲型淡水龜,且由於長年棲地的破壞以及走私捕捉,面臨瀕臨絕種的危機,但現今爬蟲類文獻中對於食蛇龜的研究仍相當缺乏,尤其基礎生理及血液學資料皆尚未建立,因此本研究目的在於建立食蛇龜的正常體態參考指標及血液生化參考值,以期應用於獸醫臨床醫學及生態保育研究。
本實驗研究食蛇龜以圈養且臨床理學檢查正常之成年食蛇龜53隻,其中雄龜17隻、雌龜36隻作為觀測對象,健康體態參考指標以Jackson’s ratio、體重除以背甲長的對數回歸方程式進行分析。結果顯示食蛇龜的體重與背甲長存在正相關性,體重除以背甲長的比例會隨著背甲長增加;同時建立了食蛇龜的體重背甲長回歸方程式,可根據季節和性別的不同用來預測正常的體重範圍。
在血液生化參考值之建立上,以同一群圈養之食蛇龜於1月、4月、7月、10月為台灣四季代表月份,以物理保定方式進行頸靜脈抽血,檢驗血液中項目包含血容比、血紅素、紅白血球計數及血球細胞染色。血液生化學包含總蛋白、白蛋白、尿酸、尿素氮、肌胺酸酐、葡萄糖、天門冬酸鹽轉氨酶、氨基丙酸轉氨酶、膽固醇、三酸甘油脂、鹼磷酶、血鈣、血磷、肌酸磷激脢共14項,以國際臨床病理聯盟(International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, IFCC)法則建立正常參考值的範圍,並分析性別及季節單獨對於血液生化值的影響和性別與季節的交互作用。
血液學和血液生化值的參考值分析,雄龜和雌龜間的血紅素、血容比、紅血球總數、平均血球血紅素、淋巴球比例、嗜酸性球比例、單核球比例、鹼磷酶、天門冬酸鹽轉氨酶、尿素氮、血鈣、尿酸、膽固醇、肌酐激脢、血糖、血磷、總蛋白、三酸甘油脂具有差異存在。季節因子方面,除了平均血球血紅素、白血球總數、淋巴球比例、嗜鹼性球比例、氨基丙酸轉胺酶、血鈣、膽固醇、總蛋白不受影響外,其餘均有差異。繁殖行為及度冬是主要造成性別與季節間的差異原因。食蛇龜的血球在型態外觀上和其他爬蟲相似,在Liu’s Stain可得到良好的染色效果。此外和台灣另兩種原生烏龜班龜和柴棺龜比較,食蛇龜具有較高的嗜鹼性球比例和總蛋白,較低氨基丙酸轉胺酶濃度,而雌龜的三酸甘油脂則較高。
本實驗所完成的健康體態參考指標和血液生化參考值,可直接應用於獸醫臨床和生態保育相關工作上,根據實驗觀察此兩項檢查皆具有低侵入性的優點,實驗模式及資料未來可成為其他爬蟲類動物臨床或研究之參考。; Yellow-margined box turtle (Cuora flavomarginata) is the only largely terrestrial geoemydide turtle species in Taiwan. Because of habitat destruction and smuggling, yellow-margined box turtle is endangered in the island. So far scientific research are lacking especially in basic physiology and hematological information. For this purpose, the objective of this study are establishing normal body ratio, hematological and biochemical reference values of yellow-margined box turtle. The results will be applied to clinical veterinary medicine and wildlife conservation.
Fifty three captive adult yellow-margined box turtles including 17 males and 36 females were used in this study. Clinical physical examinations were normal in all turtles. Jackson’s ratio and the equation of logarithm body weight regressed against logarithm carapace length were adopted to assess the health condition. There was the high correlation between body weight and carapace length, Jackson’s ratio increased with increasing carapace length. Equations of logarithm body weight regressed against logarithm carapace length were established. Body weight can be predicted by the equation based on season and sex.
In hematological and biochemical reference values establishment, blood samples were obtained from jugular vein in January, April, July, and October. Complete blood count (CBC) was performed and included PCV, Hb, RBC count, WBC count and WBC differential count. Chemistry analysis included albumin, total protein, uric acid, urea (BUN), creatinine, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus and creatine kinase (CK). The principle form International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) was utilized for reference range. Data were also analyzed on the basis of sex, season and interaction between sex and season, using repeated measures analysis of variance.
Significant sex differences were observed for PCV, Hb, RBC, MCHC, lymphocyte percentage, eosinophil percentage, monocyte percentage, ALKP, AST, BUN, calcium, uric acid, cholesterol, CK, glucose, phosphorus, total protein and triglycerides. Marked seasonal variation was noted in most parameters except MCH, WBC, lymphocyte percentage, basophil percentage, ALT, calcium, cholesterol and total protein. The differences between sex and seasons were primarily associated with reproduction and lower temperature in winter. Morphology of blood cells stain well with Liu’s Stain, and was similar to other reptiles. In addition, when compared other native turtles, Chinese striped-necked turtle (Ocadia sinensis) and Asian yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica), yellow-margined box turtles had higher basophil percentage, higher total protein and lower ALT values. But only female turtles had higher triglycerides values.
The results present in this study can contribute to clinical veterinary medicine and wildlife conservation directly. According to experimental observation, the two procedures used in this study have the advantages of being fast and required minimal invasion to the subjects. The results and methods will become a reference for future research.2011-01-01T00:00:00Z