http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/67 2026-03-10T09:24:05Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/95420 標題: 面向低碳未來的碳捕捉、利用及封存(CCUS)技術: 專利分析見解; Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies for low carbon future: Insights from patent analysis 作者: 張清惠; Truong Thanh Hue 摘要: 碳捕捉、利用與封存（CCUS）在減少二氧化碳（CO₂）這一主要導致全球變暖和氣候變遷的溫室氣體的排放方面發揮著關鍵作用。石油和天然氣產業作為溫室氣體的重要排放者，對於CCUS技術的部署至關重要。然而，目前缺乏將產業層面與國家層級策略相連結的全面分析。本研究首先從全球背景下考察氣候倡議，提供CCUS技術採用和影響的廣泛視角，以彌補這一差距。隨後，分析聚焦於全球前五大石油和天然氣公司所採取的氣候倡議，特別強調他們在CCUS方面的推進。 從1990年到2023年，全球共記錄了14,299件與CCUS技術相關的專利。其中，目前有效的專利有7,792件，佔總數的近55%。相較之下，有5,708件專利處於無效狀態，約佔總數的40%。分析顯示，中國以6,662件專利領先，美國以2,106件專利緊隨其後，日本則以1,436件專利排名第三。值得注意的是，中國在2023年佔全球CCUS專利的70%以上，成為重要的貢獻者。這一顯著貢獻凸顯了中國將CCUS技術作為其氣候政策和產業戰略的重要部分。 在能源產業範圍內，對五家主要石油公司2000年至2022年的98,730件專利進行分析，結果顯示他們共註冊了871件CCUS相關專利。其中，埃克森美孚(ExxonMobil)以359件專利位居首位，殼牌(Shell)以228件專利位居第二；然而，殼牌有70%的專利處於無效狀態。對這些公司的CCUS計劃的分析也表明，所有五家公司都已策略性地將CCUS融入其業務運營中。他們與第三方排放者建立了合作關係，既作為合作夥伴也作為客戶，並實施了各種減少碳足跡的措施。這些推進涵蓋了一系列CCUS計劃，包括早期研究和開發、大規模試點計劃及商業運營，展示了通過CCUS技術減少碳排放的綜合方法。 另外，值得注意的是，全球主要國家及五家石油公司的主要技術領域為Y02C-0020/40，涉及二氧化碳作為溫室氣體的捕獲和處置。在CCUS技術排名前20的國家中，有16個國家對此技術最為關注，顯示出其在該領域的重要性。這一技術重點反映了主要參與者在開發有效二氧化碳捕集和處理方法方面的共同優先事項，這是強有力的CCUS策略的重要組成部分。 此外，研究結果顯示，2005年《京都議定書》和2015年《巴黎協定》的通過對全球石油公司和國家都產生了影響，但對石油公司的影響不如全球範圍內的影響顯著。值得注意的是，在全球範圍內，《巴黎協定》簽署後，專利件數的成長趨勢顯著加快，儘管面臨COVID-19疫情的挑戰，專利件數仍從2020年的906件急劇增致2023年的2,716件。這一巨大增長表明 CCUS 技術在全球氣候戰略中的緊迫性與必要性。儘管疫情期間經濟受到干擾，但並未阻礙專利活動的加速，這顯示出推進CCUS技術的承諾堅定且具彈性。 這些發現預計將幫助企業從研究中獲得見解，以識別各行業中的潛在合作者或競爭對手，從而適應正在進行的轉型並根據氣候穩定要求評估其行動。政策制定者則可以利用這項研究作為資源，為其國家制定明確的指導方針，協助順利過渡到低碳未來。了解 CCUS 創新的動態使利害關係人能夠有效地將其策略和投資與全球氣候目標結合。這種協調確保他們的努力對減緩氣候變遷和推動永續發展做出決定性貢獻。; Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is crucial in mitigating carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, a primary greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming and climate change. The oil and gas industries, as significant emitters of greenhouse gases, are essential to the deployment of CCUS technologies. However, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis linking industry-level efforts to national-level strategies in combating this issue. This study addresses this gap by first examining climate initiatives in a global context, offering a comprehensive view of the adoption and impact of CCUS technologies worldwide. Subsequently, the analysis focuses on climate initiatives implemented by five major oil and gas corporations, specifically highlighting their efforts in CCUS. At the global level, a total of 14,299 patent publications related to CCUS technologies from 1990 to 2023 were recorded. Of these, 7,792 patents are currently active, representing nearly 55% of the total. In contrast, 5,708 patents are inactive, accounting for approximately 40% of the total. The analysis also shows that China leads with 6,662 patents, followed by the United States with 2,106 patents, and Japan in third place with 1,436 patents. Notably, China stands out as a significant contributor, accounting for more than 70% of global CCUS patents in 2023. This substantial contribution from China highlights its strategic focus on CCUS technologies as part of its broader climate policy and industrial strategy. Analyzing 98,730 patents of the five leading oil firms from 2000 to 2022, the analysis reveals that a total of 871 patents are related to CCUS. ExxonMobil holds the highest number with 359 patents, while the second position is Shell with 228; however, 70% of Shell’s patents are inactive. The examination of the CCUS projects of these companies also reveals that all five have strategically incorporated CCUS into their business practices. They have established collaborations with third-party emitters, serving both as partners and clients, and have launched multiple initiatives aimed at reducing their carbon footprint. These efforts include a wide range of CCUS initiatives, including early-stage research and development, large-scale pilot projects, and commercial operations, demonstrating a comprehensive approach to lowering carbon emissions through CCUS technologies. It is also worth noting that the primary technical field of the leading countries globally as well as the five oil companies is Y02C-0020/40, which deals with the capture and disposal of CO₂ as greenhouse gases. Sixteen out of the top 20 countries in CCUS technology show their highest attention to this technology, underscoring its importance in the field. This technical focus reflects the shared priority among major players to develop effective methods for CO₂ capture and disposal, which are essential components of a robust CCUS strategy. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 2005 and the Paris Agreement in 2015 have influenced both oil firms and nations globally, while the impact on oil companies is less significant than the worldwide effect. Notably, in the global context, after the Paris Agreement, the trend of patents accelerated substantially, with a sharp increase from 906 in 2020 to 2,716 in 2023, even amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This tremendous growth demonstrates the increasing urgency and necessity of CCUS technologies in global climate strategies. The pandemic period, despite its economic disruptions, did not hinder the acceleration of patent activities, indicating a robust and resilient commitment to advancing CCUS technologies. These findings are expected to help companies gain insights from this study to identify potential collaborators or competitors in their respective industries, thus adjusting to the ongoing transition and evaluating their actions in line with climate stabilization requirements. Policymakers can utilize this research as a resource to develop clear guidelines for the transition of their country to a low-carbon economy. Understanding the dynamics of CCUS innovation enables stakeholders to align their strategies and investments effectively with global climate goals. This alignment ensures that their efforts contribute decisively to mitigating climate change and advancing sustainable development. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/81742 標題: 非營利組織在都市環境綠化的教育區位：比較大安森林公園和巴黎公園; "NGOs’and community organizations’ role in Urban Environmental Education in green areas, a comparative study between Daan Park and Paris gardens" 作者: Diane Marie Dehais; 蒂岱安 摘要: 摘要擁有高人口密度的城市面臨諸多環境議題的問題，譬如亞洲城市之一的台北。大安森林公園之友基金會在這個城市裡之一的大安森林公園做到了扮演關鍵角色之一的目標。他們仰賴著志工自發性的服務以及教育宣導，附近的民眾及熱心人士對於環境議題的關注程度及對於綠化空間的感受程度不一致。 本論文會比較台北大安森林公園的例子與巴黎的綠化公園例子進行比較，以及對於組織的政策制定及綠化空間議題上面的探討。 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/92990 標題: 重新思考連結：全球和國家認同對台灣和日本環保意識的影響; Rethinking the Connection: Influence of Global and National Identity on Pro-Environmentalism in Taiwan and Japan 作者: Nanami Yano; Nanami Yano 摘要: 解決全球環境問題需要深入了解影響環保行為的因素。個人努力固然重要，但實現全球性的集體行動也勢在必行。培養大規模的集體認同感一直備受關注，因為這是培養後代將集體利益置於個人利益之上的策略。然而，由於過去的研究對全球認同和國家認同在影響親環境主義方面的作用結果不一，這種關聯仍不明確；此外，過去的大多數研究忽視了國家認同中民族主義和愛國主義的雙重面貌。此外，該領域的大多數實證研究都是在西方背景下進行的，對亞洲國家的研究不足。本研究探討了全球認同、愛國主義和民族主義在預測台灣和日本大學生親環境信念和行為的相對重要性。相關分析表明，在台灣和日本，全球認同都是親環境主義的最佳預測因素，但台灣的全球認同與親環境主義之間的相關性要比日本強得多。另一方面，愛國主義和民族主義並沒有表現出明顯的對立效應。在台灣，愛國主義有效地預測了親環境主義，而在日本，國家認同變數與親環境主義變數之間沒有一致的相關性。這些結果不僅強調了全球認同的潛在重要性，也揭示了台灣和日本在想像社群影響上的潛在差異。; Tackling global environmental issues requires a deep understanding of the factors influencing pro-environmental behaviors. Individual efforts are crucial, but achieving worldwide collective action is imperative. The cultivation of large-scale collective identity has been drawing attention as a strategy to nurture future generations who prioritize collective benefit over individual interests. However, the association remains unclear, as previous research has shown mixed results on the role of global and national identity in influencing pro-environmentalism; moreover, most previous research overlooks the dual faces of nationalism and patriotism in national identity. Furthermore, the majority of empirical studies in the field have been conducted in Western contexts, leaving Asian nations under-researched. This study investigates the relative importance of global identification, patriotism, and nationalism in predicting pro-environmental beliefs and behaviors among Taiwanese and Japanese university students. The correlational analysis shows that global identification was the best predictor of pro-environmentalism in both Taiwan and Japan, but the correlation between global identification and pro-environmentalism was much stronger in Taiwan than in Japan. On the other hand, patriotism and nationalism showed no clear opposing effects. While patriotism effectively predicts pro-environmentalism in Taiwan, there was no consistent correlation between the national identity variable and pro-environmentalism variables in Japan. These results not only highlight the potential importance of global identification but also reveal the potential differences in the influence of imagined communities in the context of Taiwan and Japan. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/99324 標題: 重塑永續產品設計思維： 以多目標最佳化及生命週期評估打造永續產品設計方法學; Rethinking Design for Sustainability: A Novel Multi-Objective Optimization Methodology for Sustainable Product Lifecycle Design 作者: 黃衍瑞; Yan-Ruei Huang 摘要: 永續產品設計已成為解決產品於製造與消費過程中環境、經濟及社會挑戰的關鍵策略，旨在創造滿足當代需求而不損及後代需求滿足能力的產品。然而，現行永續設計方法常難以在整個產品生命週期中平衡多重目標，忽略關鍵階段（特別是使用階段），且因實用性不足而缺乏廣泛產業接受度。為解決這些問題，本研究開發了一套創新的四步驟永續產品生命週期管理方法，運用多目標生命週期最佳化。方法學包含四大步驟：(1)辨識潛在設計路徑；(2)評估永續性表現；(3)建構最佳化模型；(4)透過加權總和法求解，建立最佳設計方案的帕雷托前緣。案例分析結果顯示，此方法能在維持經濟可行性的同時，大幅降低各類產品的環境影響。案例分析將方法學應用於臺灣手搖杯，相較於基準情境，應用本研究方法的手搖杯設計，展現出全球暖化潛勢最多可降低60%、毒性指標可降低80%的潛力，同時兼顧經濟表現。研究結果揭示不同永續目標間的複雜權衡關係，強調在產品設計中考量多重生命週期的重要性，實現對不同材料、製程與終端處置情境的全面評估。本研究為產業提升產品永續性及推動潔淨生產提供實用框架，可作為各產業發展更精緻永續產品設計模式的起點，並具有納入社會影響評估及應用至其他產品類別的拓展潛力。此外，亦為永續設計決策提供量化基礎，對政策制定與產業永續倡議具有參考價值，有望改變產品設計與製造方式，促進產業永續轉型。; Sustainable product design has emerged as a critical approach to address environmental, economic, and social challenges in manufacturing and consumption, aiming to create products that fulfill present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own. Current sustainable design approaches often struggled to balance multiple objectives across entire product lifecycles, overlooking key phases, particularly usage, and lacking widespread industry acceptance due to limited practicality. To address these gaps, we developed a novel four-step methodology for sustainable product lifecycle management using multi-objective life cycle optimization. Here we show that this approach can significantly reduce environmental impacts while maintaining economic viability across various product categories. Our methodology, which involves (1) identifying potential design pathways, (2) assessing their sustainability, (3) formulating an optimization model, and (4) solving it using a weighted sum method, generated a Pareto frontier of optimal design solutions. Applying this to a case study in Taiwan's boba tea packaging industry, we demonstrated potential reductions of up to 60% in Global Warming Potential and 80% in toxicity measures compared to baseline scenarios, while considering economic performance. Our results reveal the complex trade-offs between different sustainability objectives and highlight the importance of considering multiple lifecycles in product design, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of various options including different materials, manufacturing processes, and end-of-life scenarios. This study provides a practical framework for industries to enhance product sustainability, promoting cleaner production practices. We anticipate our approach to be a starting point for more sophisticated models of sustainable product design across various sectors, with potential expansion to include social impacts and application to other product categories. Moreover, it offers a quantitative basis for sustainable design decisions, relevant for policy development and industry-wide sustainability initiatives, potentially transforming how products are designed and manufactured for a more sustainable future. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z