類別:

高雄地區10年間他殺案件的流行病學分析之研究

2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

標題: 高雄地區10年間他殺案件的流行病學分析之研究; The 10-Year Epidemiologic Review of Homicide Cases in Kaoushiung City 作者: Yung-Tai Chin; 秦永泰摘要: 他殺是一種剝奪他人生命權利的行為。可以說是，所有暴力犯罪中最嚴重的一類。因此往往會造成嚴重的社會治安問題，也是公共衛生關心的議題。然而在高雄縣市，甚至整個台灣有關於任何他殺的案件有系統的分析與統計的資料極為欠缺，很難一窺他殺案件的全貌。所以，對於此類問題之分析，是值得我們在第一線的法醫師作進一步更仔細的探討。本次論文回顧了(2001-2010)十年間，所有在高雄地檢署所轄高雄市、高雄縣(後合併為高雄市)，發生的他殺案件共有247件，做為本次研究資料。這些案件資料依據，性別、年齡族群、犯案方法、犯案動機、發生地、加害者與被害者之關係、發生年份、發生月份、加害者案發後是否自殺，等這幾個方向去收集資料，並加以分析其間關聯。以高雄市來說，平均每年發生約24件，發生最多的月份為1月，有167(67.6%)位被害者為男性，而女性被害者有80(32.4%)位，其男女比例約是2.08:1，最多的男性年齡族群為41-45歲，而女性部份則為36-40歲。加害者有228 (92.3%)位是男性，而女性為19(7.7%)位，男女比例約為12:1最多的年齡族群男性分體為31-35歲，而女性31-35歲也屬最多，加害者與被害者其關係為熟識者佔171。犯案方法則以銳器類使用最多佔 110件(45%)，第二多的則為鈍器類共59件(24%)。藉由此統計資料分析結果，期望能在刑事調查上有所助益，進而有所助益於社會安全。; Homicide, an act to deprive people’s survival right, is the most serious type of violent crime. Due to the critical social security problems,it would cause the associated issues been noticed and discussed sincerely in the public health field in recent years. However, the related researches and papers in Taiwan, especially in Kaohsiung, are rare to explore such homicide cases. As the primary role in the crime scene, it is worth researching and analyzing those cases more detailed for us. From 2001 to 2010, 247 homicide cases happened in Kaohsiung, based on the official sources, were collected in this paper. The associated factors in thoses cases are the main purpose of the study which we try to analyze and figure them out. Therefore, all the data in thoses cases, including gender, age, crime motive, crime method, the date of crime, the trauma, and even whether the offender committed suicide after the crime or not, were the factors we investigated. In this paper, the findings showed that there were 24 homicide cases occurred in Kaohsiung in average each year and most cases were taken place in January. For victims, 167 cases (67.6%) were male and 80 cases (32.4%) were female. The ratio of male to female was 2.08:1. The age of male victims mostly was 41 to 45 years old and female was 36 to 40 years old. For the offenders, 228 (92.3%) were male and 19 (7.7%) were female. The ratio was 12:1. The age distribution of most offenders was 31 to 35 years old in male and in female,too. Among those cases of this study, there were 171 cases in which offenders and victims were acquaintances. The tool used in those cases,sharp tool was most common (110 cases,45%)and blunt tool was the second most (59cases,24%). From the results of this report, we expect the findings could offer more useful information for the further research in forensic scientific field, especially for those in crime scene investigation.

骨質刀痕角度與刀器角度鑑識之生物動力學研究

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

標題: 骨質刀痕角度與刀器角度鑑識之生物動力學研究; Biomechanical Study of Identify and Matching the Tool Mark Angles and Knife Angles on Bone Tissue 作者: Kai-Ting Yang; 楊凱婷摘要: 刀器造成受害者的銳器傷向來是他殺案件的主要來源，當銳器傷及人體骨骼，必留下工具痕跡，成為刑事偵查案中探討工具痕跡證據為鑑識科學主要課題。本研究將收集2005至2009年間之法醫相驗解剖之他殺案件與外傷中銳器傷案件，回溯性篩檢來瞭解台灣地區銳器傷相關的流行病學研究。而銳器傷的型態有砍傷、刺剪傷、切割傷、穿刺傷等；在刀痕工具痕跡方面，本研究的銳器傷對象以砍傷為主，透過生物動力學研究，以羊腿骨模擬骨質刀痕角度，發展生體工具痕跡鑑識技術，並建構人體刀傷與刀器比對鑑驗之標準作業流程。本研究利用不同施力來產生撞擊動量(質量•速度)之物理性質，製作刀器工具痕跡砍劈實驗模擬平台，透過高解析3D立體顯微鏡掃描量測刀痕工具痕跡角度。骨質回彈係數（κ）為刀器刀刃角度（θ）與骨質刀痕角度（φ）之比值，顯示骨頭受刀器砍劈後彈性恢復之程度，藉以探討分析刀器、骨頭在撞擊時之生物動力學與刀器及工具痕跡之關係。本實驗結果顯示，骨質刀痕角度（φ）與撞擊動量有正相關性。在固定刀器重量條件下，調整刀器分別於9.8至49.0公分（其中墜落高度依重力加速度G=9.8m/s2之簡單倍數）高處落下，發現骨質刀痕角度（φ）介於10.66±0.29度至38.32±0.33度，計算其骨質回彈係數（κ）介於1.16±0.03至2.70±0.06，當撞擊動量愈大而骨質回彈係數（κ）亦愈大，且雙鋒刀刃類之骨質回彈係數（κ）與撞擊動呈較佳之線性關係，而偏鋒刀刃類之骨質回彈係數（κ）與撞擊動量也有骨質回彈係數（κ）隨撞擊動量增加而變大之趨勢。本研究顯示台灣地區2005至2009年間，法醫相驗解剖死亡案件中他殺案件共有1120件中，銳器傷就佔349件（31.16%），與死亡年齡統計中以25-44歲之青壯年人為他殺案件中銳器傷最多數（佔198件、49.25%），銳器傷致死與性別統計顯示男性佔比例較高〈佔279件、69.4%〉。刀器工具痕跡與生物動力學實驗方面，利用高解析3D立體顯微鏡技術來量測刀器工具痕跡並將其實驗結果統計來建立刀器骨質動力學等研究資料庫，並利用骨質彈性係數和撞擊動量之線性關係，還原凶手犯案時可能之施力大小與方式，最後建構人體骨質刀痕與刀器比對鑑驗之標準作業流程，提昇國內法醫刑事鑑識有關骨質刀痕生體工具痕跡比對的鑑識能力。; Sharp instrument injury by knife becomes the leading cause of homicide in Taiwan. According to 1910 Edmund Locard’s Principe, the tool marks can play a crucial role to profile the shape, nature and characteristics of weapons. Therefore, the study of tool mark is one of the major issues in forensic investigation of criminal cases for identifying and mapping the tool mark on bone tissue. Retrospective study of sharp-instrument injury-related homicide cases during 2005~2009 is conducted. Sharp instrument injuries include chopping wounds, stab wounds, cutting wounds, and penetrating wounds. Through biomechanical studies, lamb bone was used to simulate the human bone under sharp tool chopping, so as to develop the mapping technique and to correlate the sharp instrument impacted on bones, and so as to establish the standard operation procedure for identifying the sharp instrument in correlative with chopping wound on bones. In this research, the experimental chopping stage is designed for knife tool marks. With different impulsive forces generated by angular momentum (velocity and mass) of the knife, different knife tool marks would be observed by 3D digital microscope. The ratio between the knife angle(θ), and the V-shape tool mark angle(ψ), is assigned as κ value (elastic coefficient : θ/ψ) to represent the degree of elastic rebound after the impact of the knife on the bone. The experiment result reveals the V-shape knife tool mark angle is proportionally related to the impulsive force. Under fixed knife masses, with different falling height of the knife (form 9.8cm to 49 cm) were used to mimic the impact force. V-shape knife tool mark angles and the elastic coefficient were 10.66±0.29 to 38.32±0.33 degrees and 1.16±0.03 to 2.70±0.06, respectively. The greater the angular momentum of the knife chopping induces a larger the elastic coefficient of bone. Besides, the double-edge knives induced the V-shape knife mark angle demonstrate a linear relationship between the elastic coefficient and the angular momentum. 349 out of 1120 homicide-related autopsy cases were the sharp instrument-related victims. High risk age ranged between the age of 25 to 44 years old. In conclusion, these results data from the biomechanical and epidemiological studies could be compiled into a practical use for the strategy for the forensic examination and benefit to the identification for knife tool marks, so as to promote the credibility in medico-legal investigation in Taiwan.

開發頂空中空纖維液相微萃取合併氣相層析-質譜儀測量水樣或血清中揮發性有機物

2014-01-01T00:00:00Z

標題: 開發頂空中空纖維液相微萃取合併氣相層析-質譜儀測量水樣或血清中揮發性有機物; Development of headspace hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction to identify volatile organic compounds in aqueous sample or serum using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 作者: Yu-Hsiang Tseng; 曾昱翔摘要: 本實驗開發中空纖維輔助的頂空液相微萃取法(HS-HF-LPME)搭配氣相層析質譜儀偵測水樣或血清中的七種揮發性有機物(VOCs)。本方法藉由圓環狀的中空纖維的幫助，萃取溶劑在萃取過程中不會有掉落的危險，並以不含鹵素的正辛醇做為萃取溶劑，單次萃取用量為23 μL，使用量低於傳統的液相萃取，對環境較為友善。方法最佳化的實驗在水樣中進行，在加熱器設定95°C萃取20分鐘的最佳化的條件下，濃縮倍數介於9 – 69倍，線性在0.9957-0.9999，偵測極限約為2.6 – 46.4 ng mL-1，再現性的標準偏差在13.3%以下。萃取血清檢體得到的相對回收率為44 – 100.1%，絕對回收率在5.8 – 45.6%，其中甲苯及二甲苯的相對回收率受到明顯的基質效應影響。本方法的萃取過程步驟少、溶劑的用量小、利用簡單的實驗器材、再現性佳，是個簡單且環保的萃取方法，但較不適合用於基質複雜的血清或血液檢體。; The sample preparation method in this study “Overhand knot hollow fiber-assisted headspace liquid-phase microextraction” (OK-HF-HS-LPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been developed for the analysis of seven volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in aqueous sample or serum. A loose overhand knot tied by hollow fiber was hung in the headspace for extraction. As the shape of knot was easy to hold more extraction solvent (23 μL), large volume of extraction solvent lasts longer extraction time (20 min) and higher extraction temperature. This improves the extraction of headspace significantly. Under the optimized condition, 7 VOCs (diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene) in spiked D.I. water, 23 μL octanol was used for extraction. After the 20 min at high heating temperature of 95°C, there was still enough solvent (more than 7 μL) remained for GC analysis. The linear range of the method was 0.1-80 μg mL-1 for 3 VOCs (diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane) and 0.01-8 μg mL-1 for the other 4 VOCs (toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene). The limit of detection was in the range of 0.0026-0.0464 μg mL-1. Enrichment factors ranged from 9 to 69 folds. The optimized extraction parameters were used for the extraction of 7 VOCs in spiked serum. The relative recovery ranged from 43.6% to 100.1%. It showed that the extraction efficiency of some analytes (toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene) was affected by the matrix of serum. The study is a simple, low-cost and environmental-friendly sample preparation technique, but it needs carefully manual manipulation to achieve good precision. In the application of real sample, this method is more suitable for the extraction of aqueous sample than matrix-complex serum or blood.

過氧化物還原酶3 鑑別生前急性腎小管損傷和腎小管死後變化之免疫組織化學染色的研究

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

標題: 過氧化物還原酶3 鑑別生前急性腎小管損傷和腎小管死後變化之免疫組織化學染色的研究; Immunohistochemical study of peroxiredoxin 3 expression in differentiating antemortem acute tubular injury from postmortem change of renal tubules 作者: Tzu-Cheng Su; 蘇子誠摘要: 死亡後腎小管產生腐敗或自溶的死後組織變化和急性腎小管損傷十分類似，在顯微組織檢查鑑別兩者相當困難。目前文獻上許多的證據顯示氧化壓力和急性腎小管損傷的致病機轉有關，而其中過氧化物還原酶3 為一種抗氧化劑，維持人體內氧化和還原反應的平衡。本篇研究納入30個切片確診急性腎小管損傷案例，10個腎小管出現死後組織變化的猝死案例和10個正常腎臟組織案例，利用數位影像分析軟體比較過氧化物還原酶3 的免疫組織化學染色在腎小管染色強度。結果顯示急性腎小管損傷在過氧化物還原酶3 染色表現上比腎小管死後組織變化組和正常腎臟組織組來的強，且統計上有顯著差異 (p值<0.0001)。而死後腎小管組織變化組和正常腎臟組織組兩組之間，在過氧化物還原酶3 染色強度上無統計上差異 (P值=0.1306)。本篇研究結論顯示，相比於死後腎小管組織變化的過氧化物還原酶3 免疫組織化學染色表現，當過氧化物還原酶3 在腎小管表現升高時，應考慮急性腎小管損傷的發生。