http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/72 2026-10-03T09:15:02Z 2026-10-03T09:15:02Z 洪子桓 Tzu-Huan Hung http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/104828 2026-09-02T16:26:57Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

標題: 龍眼花代謝體解析與機能性之整合研究; Integrated Study on the Metabolomic Profiles and Functional Properties of Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Flowers 作者: 洪子桓; Tzu-Huan Hung 摘要: 龍眼花 (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) 為龍眼栽培過程中自然產生的農業副產物，富含植物多酚，具有發展為機能性原料之潛力，然其代謝輪廓、品系間成分差異，以及對尿酸生成關鍵酵素黃嘌呤氧化酶 (xanthine oxidase, XO) 抑制作用之成分基礎與抑制模式仍缺乏系統性研究。本研究以五個臺灣龍眼地方品系 (LF1–LF5) 之乾燥花水萃取物為材料，建立非標靶液相層析串聯質譜代謝體指紋圖譜，並開發 Auto-PIS 輔助註解工具，用於黃酮與水解單寧之候選組成解析。Auto-PIS 以偽前驅離子掃描策略為核心，結合診斷離子、質量差及候選組成規則，共註解 108 個候選特徵，涵蓋 46 種非重複候選組成，其中 39 種未見於既有龍眼花文獻。代謝體分析顯示五個品系具有不同的化學組成輪廓，其中 LF1 (五月眼) 之黃酮類成分相對豐富。五個品系水萃取物於 100 μg/mL 下之 XO 抑制率介於 57%–71%，整體品系效應達顯著水準，但 Tukey 事後比較未顯示任兩品系間有顯著差異。進一步以 LF1 水萃取物進行酵素動力學分析，結合 AICc 模型選擇與巢狀模型檢定，結果顯示其整體 XO 抑制行為最適合以非競爭型模型描述，Ki 為 42.1 μg/mL。透過親和超濾質譜結合以 Febuxostat 為阻斷劑之競爭性結合試驗，共篩得 134 個 XO 結合候選特徵，經結構註解整合後獲得 15 個候選成分。鞣花酸與沒食子酸經單體酵素動力學驗證均呈現非競爭型抑制，其中鞣花酸之抑制效力顯著高於沒食子酸。綜合結果顯示，龍眼花水萃取物之 XO 抑制作用可能由多種成分共同貢獻，鞣花酸為重要候選活性成分之一。本研究建立由代謝指紋解析、候選組成註解、活性評估至 XO 抑制模式解析與候選活性成分篩選之整合研究架構，並建構五個臺灣地方品系之成分與活性資料，可作為龍眼花原料特性評估、品質管理及後續機能性開發之科學依據。; Longan flower (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is an agricultural by-product of longan cultivation. Rich in plant polyphenols, it has potential as a functional ingredient. However, its metabolic profile, compositional variation among landraces, and the constituents and inhibition mode underlying its inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO), a key enzyme involved in uric acid production, remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, aqueous extracts of dried flowers from five Taiwanese local longan landraces (LF1–LF5) were analyzed to establish untargeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) metabolomic fingerprints. An annotation tool, Auto-PIS, was developed to characterize candidate compositions of flavonoids and hydrolyzable tannins. Auto-PIS employs a pseudo-precursor ion scanning strategy integrating diagnostic ions, mass differences, and candidate composition rules. A total of 108 candidate features were annotated, representing 46 non-redundant candidate compositions, of which 39 have not previously been reported in longan flower. Metabolomic analysis revealed distinct chemical profiles among the five landraces, with LF1 (Wu-yue-yan) showing relatively high abundances of flavonoid-related compounds. At 100 μg/mL, aqueous extracts of the five landraces exhibited XO inhibition ranging from 57% to 71%. The overall landrace effect was statistically significant, whereas Tukey’s post hoc test did not identify significant pairwise differences among individual landraces. Enzyme kinetic analysis of the LF1 aqueous extract, combined with AICc model selection and nested-model testing, showed that its overall XO inhibitory behavior was best described by a non-competitive inhibition model, with a Ki of 42.1 μg/mL. Affinity ultrafiltration mass spectrometry combined with a competitive binding assay using Febuxostat as a blocking agent yielded 134 candidate XO-binding features, which were integrated with annotation results to yield 15 candidate compounds. Enzyme kinetic validation of Ellagic acid and Gallic acid showed non-competitive inhibition for both compounds, with Ellagic acid exhibiting significantly greater inhibitory potency than Gallic acid. Collectively, these results suggest that XO inhibition by longan flower aqueous extract may result from the combined contributions of multiple constituents, with Ellagic acid representing an important candidate active compound. This study establishes an integrated research framework encompassing metabolomic fingerprinting, candidate composition annotation, activity evaluation, characterization of XO inhibition modes, and screening of candidate active compounds. The compositional and activity profiles established for five Taiwanese local longan landraces provide a scientific basis for raw-material characterization, quality control, and further functional development of longan flower.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Liang-Suei Lu 呂良穗 http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/75105 2021-07-01T08:11:50Z 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z

標題: 黑豆子葉葉綠體色素蛋白複合體循環與類囊膜摺疊之研究; Study on the Pigment-protein Complex Cycle and Thylakoid Stacking of Black Bean Cothledon 作者: Liang-Suei Lu; 呂良穗 摘要: 本研究主要探討非葉綠色組織黑豆子葉於成熟、脫水及萌芽期間之色素體的形態變化、類囊膜摺疊、光合色素的變化以及色素蛋白複合體組成份的差異。在種子形成期間，子葉近軸面有類似氣孔發育早期的構造；萌芽復，子葉近軸面與遠軸面的氣孔形態差異大，且近軸面氣孔較發達。色素體的形態變化，在豆莢內種子的子葉，多為不規則狀含澱粉粒的色素體，有的只含單一澱粉粒、有的含有聚集型的澱粉粒，它們均有不具漿質類囊膜連結的葉綠餅疊層存在；乾種子子葉內的色素體具有層疊較緊密但不太平整的葉綠餅，浸水後變得鬆散且多方向性；萌芽照光復，出現晶格狀的原囊體(prolamellar body)，其放射出類囊膜，再層疊成葉綠餅，最後發育成完整的葉綠體。 豆莢內種子子葉的葉綠素此比值偏低，介於1.7至2.1之間，萌芽後升為2.8，與成熟葉月相似。各時期子葉的葉綠素總量與??(porphvrin)總量的變化趨勢相似，種子成熟脫水期問其含量遞減，萌芽照光後驟增。三種??莫耳百分比在各發育階段呈現週期性的起伏變動，protoporphyrin IX的變化趨勢恰與Mg-protoporphyrin IX和protochlorophyllide相反。HPLC分析的葉黃素中，各時期子葉lutein的含量均最高；豆莢內種子子葉的環氣化指數較萌芽後的子葉低。 以SDS-PAGE梯度膠體電泳分析成熟子葉和葉片的類囊膜蛋白質，兩者組成份相似。以Thomber和MARS電泳分析，黑豆子葉在萌芽照光前分別只含CPII和AB3兩種色素蛋白複合體；萌芽照光後，原本缺失的色素蛋白複合體均恢復為與成熟葉月相似，此即形成非葉綠色組織特有的色素蛋白複合體循環（pigment-protein complex cycle, PPCC）現象。此外，利用電顯免疫細胞化學定位類囊膜蛋白質LHCII b，其均標定於葉綠餅上，顯示LHCII b與類囊膜的摺疊具有某種程度的關聯。; The present study is try to describe the changes in non-leaf green tissue of cotyledons of black bean (Glycine max. L. Merrilx) during seed ripening desiccation and germination, including the changes in plastids morphology、thylakoid stacking、photosynthetic pigments and the compositions of pigment-protein complexes. During seeds ripening, guard mother cells appeared in the cotyledons. After germination, the stomatal feature and distribution of the adaxial and abaxial regions of cotyledons are very different. There are more stomata on the adaxial region. The plastids of cotyledons of developing seeds in the pods are quite different. They are plastids with irregular shape. Some of them are with only one starch grain and some with aggregate starch grains. All of them have grana stacking without stromal lamelle connecting. In dry seeds, there are more compact thylakoid stacking without flatted grana in the plastids. After imbibition, the thylakoid stacking of grana become looser and multi-direction orientated. After seed germination and seedling exposed to light, there are crystal-shape prolamellar bodies in plastid, from which thylakoids extended to growth and stackness becoming grana. The chlorophyll a/b ratio of the cotyledons of the seeds in the pods was low down between 1.7 and 2.1; after germinaiton, it became 2.8. The changing patterns of contents of total chlorophylls and porphyrins of cotyledons were similar. They decayed during seed ripening and desiccation, and enriched rapidly after germination. In each developmental stages, the mole fraction of three porphyrins revealed periodical fluctuation. The changing pattern of protoporphyrin IX was different from those of Mg-protoporphyrin IX and protochiorophyllide. HPLC profile of xanthophylls showed that the contents of lutein were the highest in cotiledons at all stages of seed. The epioxidation index of seed cotyledons in the pods is about 0.1 lower than that ones after germination. Similar thylakoid protein pattern of mature cotyledons and leaves were revealed by SDS-PAGE gradient gel electrophoresis. In Thornber system electrophoresis, the cotyledons of imbibition seed was deficient CPI pigment-protein complex, and only with CPII. In MARS system electrophoresis, it was deficient Al、AB1 and AB2, and only with AB3. After seed germination and seedling exposed to light, all pigment-protein complexes were recoveried and were similar with the pattern of leaves. This indicated that a phenomenon of pigment-protein complex cycle (PPCC) specifically belongs to non-leaf green tissues. Immunocytochemical studies revealed that the colloidal-golds of LHCII b protein were specifically located in grana of cotyledons. This indicated that there are relationship between LHCII b protein and thylakoid stacking.

2000-01-01T00:00:00Z Yu-Fa Wang 王裕發 http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/76254 2021-07-01T08:19:33Z 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z

標題: 鴛鴦湖地區植物的花粉形態研究; Pollen Morphological Study of Vegetation Around the Yuen-yang Lake 作者: Yu-Fa Wang; 王裕發 摘要: 鴛鴦湖為台灣北部自然保護區內之一高山湖泊，本研究在鴛鴦湖附近 10 公里範圍內每月定期採集開花植物之新鮮花粉，以酸化處理後，經過固定、脫水、臨界點乾燥法和金屬離子覆膜等步驟，再以掃描電子顯微鏡觀察並照像，所得之資料與光學顯微資料相配合描述之。本研究共描述了 144 種種子植物的花粉，包括裸子植物 3 科 5 種，雙子葉植物 54 科 119 種，單子葉植物 7 科 20 種。依照花粉萌發孔的特徵，可將之歸納為下列 17 種類型： 1 ．具氣囊的花粉：台灣二葉松； 2 ．無萌發孔的花粉：如台灣天南星、線葉眼子菜； 3 ．具薄壁區的花粉：如水毛花、巒大杉、紅檜、台灣扁柏； 4 ．單孔型的花粉：如白頂早熟禾，高山芒，束亞黑三稜： 5 ．雙孔型的花粉：如短角冷水麻； 6 ．三到六孔型的花粉：如銳葉楊梅、水麻、山桔梗、台灣赤楊； 7 ．散孔型的花粉：如台灣瑞香、台灣黃蓮、箭葉蓼； 8 ．螺旋狀萌發孔型的花粉：台灣小蘗： 9 ．窗形的花粉：苦苣菜； 10 ．單溝型的花粉：如阿里山假寶鐸花、銳葉胡麻花、台灣沿階草； 11 ．三溝型的花粉：如昆欄樹、白花八角； 12 ．四到七溝型的花粉：如阿里山五味子、小葉四葉律、山酢漿草，塔花； 13 ．三溝孔型的花粉：如日本女貞、假柃木、水亞木、太平山冬青、紫金牛、乞食碗、台灣樹參、台灣龍膽； 14 ．四至七溝孔型的花粉：如深紅茵芋、伏牛花； 15 ．異溝型的花粉：如臺北附地草、蘭崁馬藍； 16 ．四面體具三孔的花粉：黑龍江柳葉菜： 17 ．四面體具三溝孔的花粉：如台灣杜鵑、台灣馬醉木。本研究亦記錄了鴛鴦湖附近地區 224 種植物的開花期，配合花粉形態描述及本研究所提供的檢索表，可做為宜蘭及附近地區研究空中花粉和化石花粉的基本資料。; The pollen morphology of the vegetation around the Yuen-yang Lake which is located in nature conservation area in northern Taiwan was investigated. Fresh pollen samples were collected every month from the area about ten km surrounding the lake, Of 144 species belonging to 64 families of spermatophyte were treated with acetolysis method and then mounted on slide for LM observations or were further dehydrated through alcohol series followed by critical point drying, and were coated with gold for SEM observations. The 17 pollen classes based on the germ aperture are found and categorized as follows: (1) saccate pollen; (2) inaperaturate pollen; (3) pollen with leptoma; (4) 1-porate pollen; (5) 2-porate pollen; (6) 3-6-porate pollen; (7) pantoporate pollen; (8) spiraperturate pollen; (9) fenestrate pollen; (10) sulcate pollen; (11) 3-colpate pollen; (12) 4-7-colpate pollen; (13) 3-colporate pollen; (14) 4-7- colporate pollen; (15) heterocolpate pollen; (16) tetrad with monads 3-porate; (17) tetrad with monads 3-colporate. The data of pollen flora provide a basic information for further studies such as aeropalynological studies and the reconstruction of paleo-ecology around Yuen-yang Lake.

1996-01-01T00:00:00Z Lih-Ling Leu 呂麗玲 http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/75805 2021-07-01T08:15:32Z 1991-01-01T00:00:00Z

標題: 鳳凰木的植物相剋作用潛能之研究; The Allelopathic Potential of Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf. 作者: Lih-Ling Leu; 呂麗玲 摘要: 鳳凰木(Delonix regia (Boj) Raf.)係熱帶的豆科植物，經常在此植物下，其地被植物種類少，且生物量相當低。依田野的觀察及測定，此地被植物稀少的原因非物理因數如光、水或營養物質的競爭所致，而可能是由於鳳凰木的落葉或其代謝物質抑制地被植物的相剋作用所致。?證明此相剋作用，本研究以生物分析、色層分析、掃描式電子顯微鏡及組織切片等方法來證明鳳凰木植物相剋作用潛能。 將掉落的鳳凰木花、葉、枝條以不同百分比萃取的水溶萃取液如1％、2％、3％、4％、5％，分別對萵苣、苜蓿、白菜、油菜作生物分析以比較其植物毒性程度。其結果顯示花水溶萃取液在1％時抑制白菜根生長達81.5％，抑制油菜、萵苣根生長達77.6％及70.1％，其次是枝條及葉的水溶萃取液，而鳳凰木樹下的土壤及其根圈土或腐葉土之水溶萃取液之植物毒性不顯著，顯示植物毒性表示於花、葉、枝條等部位。一般言之，藿香薊常生長在陽光充足的棲地，偶而也在陰暗地方，但在具相當光度之鳳凰木樹下卻不常見，作者選用上述萃取液做一系列探討卻發現無明顯抑制現象，此原因有待進一步探討。對另二種陰地植物如日本柳葉箬、雷公根的毒性程度則較明顯，由此顯示陰地植物被抑制的現象與植物相剋作用有關。 ?進一步瞭解植物毒物植對植物根生長抑制之機制，作者選用白菜種子以鳳凰木水溶萃取液做生物分析處理後以掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察發現白菜種子根發育明顯受毒物質抑制，根冠細胞有嚴重剝落現象。 經HPLC之分析，本研究經鑑得鳳凰木中之植物毒物質有gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid等，尚有未被鑑定之類黃素及其它物質亦可能?植物相剋物質。 本研究結果證明鳳凰木抑制樹下地被植物生長與鳳凰木所產生之次階代謝物質及其中所含之植物毒物質有關。鳳凰木所產生之次階代謝物及其中所含之植物毒物質亦影響其土壤中之微生物相。; Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf. plantation in Tainan, southern Taiwan, exhibits a unique pattern of weed exclusion beneath canopy. The pattern has been particularly pronounced in the area where a substantial amount of D. regia litter has accumulated on the ground. Field data showed that the phenomenon was due primarily not to physical competition, involving light, soil moisture and nutrients, but due to an allelopathic interaction. Aqueous extracts fallen leaves, branches, flowers of D. regia showed significantly phytotoxic effects on many test species, including lettuce (Lactuca sativa), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), pickled cabbage (Brassica chinensis) and Brassica campestris L. subsp. napus Hook. f. & Anders. var. nippo-oleifera Mak. The aqueous extracts of the flower of D. regia revealed the highest phytotoxicity. In order to further understand the inhibition of phytotoxic effect, seeds of Brassica campestris were soaked in the aqueous extracts for various time period and the seedings of B. campestris were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Injury in seedings of the tested plants were shown by deteriorated epidermis and abnormally swelling of the seedings. The allelopathic substances isolated from D. regia leaves, flowers, branches and soil were identified by paper chromatography and a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). They are phenolic acids, namely, gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxybenzioc acid, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, and some unidentified flavonoids and others as well. The findings of the present study concluded that the inhibition pattern beneath the trees of D. regia is due primarily to the allelopathic substances in D. regia. The responsible allelopathic substances are mostly phenolic acids, but could be flavonoids and others as well. These metabolites could possobly be degraded by soil microorganisms, such as Candida guilliermondii and Enterobacter agglomerans, Klebsiella spp. and Rhodotorula spp.

1991-01-01T00:00:00Z