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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 吳俊傑 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.advisor | Chun-Chieh Wu | en |
dc.contributor.author | 吉浩廷 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author | Hao-Ting Chi | en |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-02-26T16:29:14Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2024-02-27 | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2024-02-26 | - |
dc.date.issued | 2022 | - |
dc.date.submitted | 2002-01-01 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Bui, H. H., R. K. Smith, M. T. Montgomery, and J. Peng, 2009: Balanced and unbalanced aspects of tropical cyclone intensification. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 135, 1715-1731. Chan, K. T., and J. C. Chan, 2012: Size and strength of tropical cyclones as inferred from QuikSCAT data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 140, 811–824. Chan, K. T., and J. C. Chan, 2013: Angular momentum transports and synoptic flow patterns associated with tropical cyclone size change. Mon. Wea. Rev., 141, 3985–4007. Chavas, D. R., and K. A. Emanuel, 2010: A QuikSCAT climatology of tropical cyclone size. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18816. Hill, K. A., and G. M. Lackmann, 2009: Influence of environmental humidity on tropical cyclone size. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 3294–3315. Janjic, Zavisa I., 1994: The Step–Mountain Eta Coordinate Model: Further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 927–945. Jordan, C., 1958: Mean soundings for the West Indies area. J. Meteor., 15, 91–97. Liu, K. S., and J. C. Chan, 1999: Size of Tropical Cyclones as Inferred from ERS-1 and ERS-2 Data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2992–3001. Merrill, R. T., 1984: A comparison of large and small tropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 1408–1418. Nakanishi, M., and H. Niino, 2006: An improved Mellor–Yamada level 3 model: its numerical stability and application to a regional prediction of advecting fog. Bound. Layer Meteor. 119, 397–407. Nakanishi, M., and H. Niino, 2009: Development of an improved turbulence closure model for the atmospheric boundary layer. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 87, 895–912. Olson, Joseph B., Jaymes S. Kenyon, Wayne M. Angevine, John M . Brown, Mariusz Pagowski, and Kay Sušelj, 2019: A Description of the MYNN-EDMF Scheme and the Coupling to Other Components in WRF–ARW. NOAA Technical Memorandum OAR GSD, 61, pp. 37. Shen, L.-Z., C.-C. Wu, and F. Judt, 2021: The role of surface heat fluxes on the size of Typhoon Megi (2016). J. Atmos. Sci., 78, 1075-1093. Skamarock, W.C., Klemp, J.B., Dudhia, J., Gill, D.O., Barker, D.M., Duda, M.G., Huang, X.-Y., Wang, W., Powers, J.G., 2019: A description of the Advanced Research WRF version 4, NCAR Technical Note. Thompson, Gregory, Paul R. Field, Roy M. Rasmussen, William D. Hall, 2008: Explicit Forecasts of Winter Precipitation Using an Improved Bulk Microphysics Scheme. Part II: Implementation of a New Snow Parameterization. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 5095–5115. Tsuji, H., H. Itoh, and K. Nakajima, 2016: Mechanism governing the size change of tropical cyclone-like vortices. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 94, 219–236. Tuleya, R. E., and Y. Kurihara, 1975: The energy and angular momentum budgets of a three-dimensional tropical cyclone model. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 287–301. Wang, S. and Toumi, R., 2019: Impact of Dry Midlevel Air on the Tropical Cyclone Outer Circulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 76, 1809-1826. Weatherford, C. L., and W. M. Gray, 1988a: Typhoon structure as revealed by aircraft reconnaissance. Part I: Data analysis and climatology. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 1032-1043. Willoughby, H. E., 1979: Forced secondary circulations in hurricanes. J. Geophys. Res., 84, 3173–3183. Wu, C.-C., and K. A. Emanuel, 1995a: Potential vorticity diagnostics of hurricane movement. Part I: A case study of Hurricane Bob (1991). Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 69-92. Wu, C.-C., and K. A. Emanuel, 1995b: Potential vorticity diagnostics of hurricane movement. Part II: Tropical Storm Ana (1991) and Hurricane Andrew (1992). Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 93-109. Wu, C.-C., T.-S. Huang, and K.-H. Chou, 2004: Potential vorticity diagnosis of the key factors affecting the motion of Typhoon Sinlaku (2002). Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 2084-2093. Wu, C.-C., T.-S. Huang, W.-P. Huang, and K.-H. Chou, 2003: A new look at the binary interaction: Potential vorticity diagnosis of the unusual southward movement of Typhoon Bopha (2000) and its interaction with Typhoon Saomai (2000). Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 1289-1300. Xu, J., and Y. Wang, 2010a: Sensitivity of tropical cyclone inner-core size and intensity to the radial distribution of surface entropy flux. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 1831–1852. | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/91926 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 颱風大小是用來描述颱風外圍結構及其潛在破壞力的重要指標。過去的研究已指出乾空氣在水平上的分布會影響颱風大小,然而乾空氣在垂直上的位置是否也對颱風大小有影響則仍未被探明。為了探討西北太平洋環境濕度的垂直結構對颱風大小之影響,本研究進行了一系列準理想化模擬。在控制組實驗,背景場為10年平均的ERA5熱帶西北太平洋熱力場資料,並植入2018年山竹颱風的作為其初始渦旋。敏感性實驗的部分,我們將原先背景場低層(850百帕以下;L)以及中層(850及500百帕間;M)的水氣混和比放置各自調整為原先的百分之80或60,如此便會產生以下四組實驗:L08、L06、M08以及M06。所有實驗皆持續對環境濕度做修改,以維持環境乾空氣的存在並持續影響颱風。 模擬結果顯示,L08及M08皆與CTL有幾乎一樣颱風大小。當乾空氣位於低層時,只要環境濕度並非如同L06顯著較乾,海氣交互作用便足以迅速重新加濕大氣,使外圍雨帶僅微幅減弱並外擴,因此外核風場並不會顯著減弱,颱風大小也得以維持。而中層乾空氣則會提升外核的潛在不穩定度有利於對流發展,此時外核的潛熱釋放雖然會增加產生局地次環流,使得低層絕對角動量平流增加,但由於影響的範圍較小,颱風的大小亦未顯著增加。M06雖然相比M08有更高的潛在不穩定度,但逸入作用亦較強可能抵銷潛在不穩定度的正貢獻。未來工作的部分,需要進行更多的深度分析來定量分析乾空氣的影響。此外,亦可進行包含更複雜的乾空氣分布以及更多不同環境參數之實驗,使模擬更接近真實大氣配置。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Size is one of the critical features measuring the outer structure and potential damage of tropical cyclones (TCs). Although previous studies have depicted that the horizontal distribution of dry air can affect TC size, the role of vertical variation of dry air on TC size remains unknown. In order to investigate the impact of the different vertical profile of environmental humidity on TC size in western North Pacific (WNP), a series of quasi-idealized simulations with different vertical structures of humidity are conducted. In the control run, initial background field is derived from the 10-year-averaged thermodynamic conditions in the summertime tropical WNP interpolated from the ERA5 reanalysis product, with the bogused initial vortex obtained from the momentum and thermodynamic fields of Typhoon Mangkhut (2018). For the sensitivity experiments, the background water vapor mixing ratio in the low-level (below 850 hPa, L) and mid-level (850-500 hPa, M) atmosphere is reduced to 80 or 60 percent of its original value, which would set up 4 sensitivity runs (L08, M08, L06, and M06). The humidity profiles are nudged throughout the simulations to maintain the dry-air influences. Results show that the TC in M08 has the strongest outer-core convection and is nearly the same size as TC in CTL, which mainly results from the enhanced potential instability. The enhanced outer-core potential instability could strengthen outer-core diabatic heating and local overturning circulation, thus the low-level absolute angular momentum advection increase. Although drier mid-level atmosphere in M06 leads to a larger potential instability than that in M08, the negative impact of dry air entrainment could reduce the positive contribution of the increased potential instability, resulting in a smaller TC size. Meanwhile, a drier low-level environment may suppress the convection and diabatic heating in TC inner-core. Despite the increase due to the larger thermodynamical disequilibrium, the surface fluxes in L06 may not be able to adequately moisten the low-level air. Thus, the weaker outer-core diabatic heating and local secondary circulation is present, resulting in a smaller TC size. Other in-depth analyses are needed to quantify the exact impact of the dry air. Moreover, sensitivity experiments with different dry area, and the inclusion of other parameters that could create a more realistic background field remain to be investigated. | en |
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dc.description.tableofcontents | 致謝................................................................................. I 摘要................................................................................ II 英文摘要(Abstract)................................................................. III 目錄................................................................................. V 圖目錄............................................................................. VII 第一章 前言.......................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景與文獻回顧............................................................... 1 1.1.1 影響颱風大小之環境因子......................................................... 1 1.1.2 環境濕度與颱風大小............................................................. 2 1.2 研究動機與目的................................................................... 4 第二章 資料與研究方法................................................................ 5 2.1 模式設定與資料................................................................... 5 2.2 實驗設計......................................................................... 6 2.2.1 控制組實驗(CTL)................................................................ 6 2.2.2 敏感性實驗..................................................................... 7 2.3 颱風強度與大小定義............................................................... 7 第三章 實驗結果I – 發展過程......................................................... 9 3.1 颱風強度與大小................................................................... 9 3.2 對流與海表風場.................................................................. 10 第四章 實驗結果II – 垂直結構差異及成因............................................. 11 4.1 垂直結構差異.................................................................... 11 4.1.1 潛熱加熱與次環流.............................................................. 11 4.1.2 絕對角動量(AAM)收支........................................................... 12 4.2 垂直結構差異之成因.............................................................. 14 第五章 結論與未來展望............................................................... 16 5.1 結論............................................................................ 16 5.2 未來展望........................................................................ 18 參考文獻............................................................................ 20 附圖................................................................................ 24 圖3.1 各實驗最低海表面氣壓(hPa)之時序圖。橫軸為模擬時間。.......................... 24 圖3.2 所有實驗各小時颱風中心之風壓關係圖。橫軸為最低海表面氣壓,縱軸為近中心最大風速。.. ..............................................................................25 圖3.3 各實驗颱風大小(km)之時序圖。橫軸為模擬時間。................................. 26 圖3.4 CTL海表風速(色階,m s-1)之哈莫圖。橫軸為半徑,縱軸為模擬時間。黑線為R15。.... 27 圖3.5 圖說同圖3.4,但實驗為L08。................................................... 28 圖3.6 圖說同圖3.4,但實驗為M08。................................................... 29 圖3.7 圖說同圖3.4,但實驗為L06。................................................... 30 圖3.8 圖說同圖3.4,但實驗為M06。................................................... 31 圖3.9 CTL最大雷達反射率(色階,dBZ) 之哈莫圖。橫軸為半徑,縱軸為模擬時間。黑線為R15。............................................................................... 32 圖3.10 圖說同圖3.9,但實驗為L08。.................................................. 33 圖3.11 圖說同圖3.9,但實驗為M08。.................................................. 34 圖3.12 圖說同圖3.9,但實驗為L06。.................................................. 35 圖3.13 圖說同圖3.9,但實驗為M06。.................................................. 36 圖4.1 CTL在T51-T57(上)及T63-T69(下)之軸對稱平均潛熱釋放(10-3 K s-1)。橫軸為半徑,縱軸為高度。............................................................................ 37 圖4.2 L08與CTL在T51-T57(上)及T63-T69(下)之軸對稱平均潛熱釋放差異(10-3 K s-1)。橫軸為半徑,縱軸為高度。.................................................................... 38 圖4.3 圖說同圖4.2,但實驗為M08。................................................... 39 圖4.4 圖說同圖4.2,但實驗為L06。................................................... 40 圖4.5 圖說同圖4.2,但實驗為M06。................................................... 41 圖4.6 CTL在T51-T57(上)及T63-T69(下)之軸對稱平均垂直速度(10-1 m s-1)。橫軸為半徑,縱軸為高度。............................................................................ 42 圖4.7 L08與CTL在T51-T57(上)及T63-T69(下)之軸對稱平均垂直速度差異(10-1 m s-1)。橫軸為半徑,縱軸為高度。.................................................................... 43 圖4.8 圖說同圖4.7,但實驗為M08。................................................... 44 圖4.9 圖說同圖4.7,但實驗為L06。................................................... 45 圖4.10 圖說同圖4.7,但實驗為M06。.................................................. 46 圖4.11 CTL在T51-T57(上)及T63-T69(下)之軸對稱平均徑向風速(m s-1),負值為入流。橫軸為半徑,縱軸為高度。.................................................................... 47 圖4.12 L08與CTL在T51-T57(上)及T63-T69(下)之軸對稱平均徑向風速差(m s-1)。橫軸為半徑,縱軸為高度。.......................................................................... 48 圖4.13 圖說同圖4.12,但實驗為M08。................................................. 49 圖4.14 圖說同圖4.12,但實驗為L06。................................................. 50 圖4.15 圖說同圖4.12,但實驗為M06。................................................. 51 圖4.16 CTL在T51-T57(上)及T63-T69(下)之軸對稱平均AAM徑向平流(10 m2 s-2)。橫軸為半徑,縱軸為高度。.......................................................................... 52 圖4.17 L08與CTL在T51-T57(上)及T63-T69(下)之軸對稱平均AAM徑向平流差異(10 m2 s 2)。橫軸為半徑,縱軸為高度。................................................................ 53 圖4.18 圖說同圖4.17,但實驗為M08。................................................. 54 圖4.19 圖說同圖4.17,但實驗為L06。................................................. 55 圖4.20 圖說同圖4.17,但實驗為M06。................................................. 56 圖4.21 CTL之1-2公里平均相對位溫垂直梯度(10-3 K m-1)哈莫圖。橫軸為半徑,縱軸為模擬時間。................................................................................ 57 圖4.22 圖說同圖4.21,但實驗為L08。................................................. 58 圖4.23 圖說同圖4.21,但實驗為M08。................................................. 59 圖4.24 圖說同圖4.21,但實驗為L06。................................................. 60 圖4.25 圖說同圖4.21,但實驗為M06。................................................. 61 圖4.26 L08之海表熱通量(102 W m-2)哈莫圖。橫軸為半徑,縱軸為模擬時間。.............. 62 圖4.27 圖說同圖4.26,但實驗為L06。.................................................. 63 | - |
dc.language.iso | zh_TW | - |
dc.title | 環境濕度的垂直結構對颱風大小之影響 | zh_TW |
dc.title | How does the Vertical Profile of Environmental Humidity Affect the Tropical Cyclone Size | en |
dc.type | Thesis | - |
dc.date.schoolyear | 110-2 | - |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 游政谷;吳健銘 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Cheng-Ku Yu;Chien-Ming Wu | en |
dc.subject.keyword | 颱風大小,濕度,次環流, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Tropical cyclone size,Humidity,Secondary circulation, | en |
dc.relation.page | 63 | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202201813 | - |
dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | - |
dc.date.accepted | 2022-09-28 | - |
dc.contributor.author-college | 理學院 | - |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 大氣科學系 | - |
顯示於系所單位: | 大氣科學系 |
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